1Sa 31:2-13 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 1 Samuel 31:2-13 (NET)

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Context

31:2 The Philistines stayed right on the heels of Saul and his sons. They struck down Saul’s sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malki-Shua. 31:3 Saul himself was in the thick of the battle; the archers spotted him and wounded him severely. 31:4 Saul said to his armor bearer, “Draw your sword and stab me with it! Otherwise these uncircumcised people will come, stab me, and torture me.” But his armor bearer refused to do it, because he was very afraid. So Saul took his sword and fell on it. 31:5 When his armor bearer saw that Saul was dead, he also fell on his own sword and died with him. 31:6 So Saul, his three sons, his armor bearer, and all his men died together that day. 31:7 When the men of Israel who were in the valley and across the Jordan saw that the men of Israel had fled and that Saul and his sons were dead, they abandoned the cities and fled. The Philistines came and occupied them. 31:8 The next day, when the Philistines came to strip loot from the corpses, they discovered Saul and his three sons lying dead on Mount Gilboa. 31:9 They cut off Saul’s head and stripped him of his armor. They sent messengers to announce the news in the temple of their idols and among their people throughout the surrounding land of the Philistines. 31:10 They placed Saul’s armor in the temple of the Ashtoreths and hung his corpse on the city wall of Beth Shan. 31:11 When the residents of Jabesh Gilead heard what the Philistines had done to Saul, 31:12 all their warriors set out and traveled throughout the night. They took Saul’s corpse and the corpses of his sons from the city wall of Beth Shan and went to Jabesh, where they burned them. 31:13 They took the bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree at Jabesh; then they fasted for seven days.

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Cross Reference (TSK)

ITL

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Abinadab the Levite who received the ark back from the Philistines,the son of Jesse, David's brother,the son of Saul of Benjami

· Ashtaroth pagan god images of the Canaanite goddess Ashtoreth,a town of Manasseh about 35 km east of the sea of Chinnereth

· Beth-Shan a town of Manasseh 5 km west of the Jordan & 25 km south of Lake Galilee

· Beth-shan a town of Manasseh 5 km west of the Jordan & 25 km south of Lake Galilee

· Gilboa a mountain or plateau between Jezreel and the Jordan River (OS)

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Jabesh a town of Gilead 20 km SE of Beth-Shan,father of king Shallum

· Jabesh-gilead a town of Gilead 20 km SE of Beth-Shan

· Jabesh-Gilead a town of Gilead 20 km SE of Beth-Shan

· Jonathan a man who was a descendant of Gershom son of Moses,son of Saul of Benjamin,son of the high priest Abiathar in David's time,the son of Shime-i, David's brother,son of Shammah/Shagee; one of David's military elite,son of Jada of Judah,son of Uzziah; overseer of the country treasuries for King David,a man who was uncle and counselor of King David,father of Ebed who accompanied Ezra leading the clan of Adin back from exile,a man who opposed Ezra's reforms; son of Asahel,a chief priest; son of Joiada,priest and head of the house of Malluchi under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah,son of Shemaiah of Asaph of Levi; father of Zechariah,a man who was secretary and dungeon keeper for King Zedekiah; son of Kareah

· Jordan the river that flows from Lake Galilee to the Dead Sea,a river that begins at Mt. Hermon, flows south through Lake Galilee and on to its end at the Dead Sea 175 km away (by air)

· Malchishua son of Saul of Benjamin

· Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan

· Saul the sixth king of Edom,son of Simeon and a Canaanite woman,son of Uzziah of Kohath son of Levi

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Sa 31:2 Heb “the Philistines.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 31:3 Heb “the shooters, men with the bow.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 31:8 Heb “fallen.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 31:9 Heb “his”; the referent (Saul) has been specified in the translation for clarity (likewise in the following verse).

NET Notes: 1Sa 31:10 The Semitic goddess Astarte was associated with love and war in the ancient Near East. See the note on the same term in 7:3.

NET Notes: 1Sa 31:12 The translation follows the MT, which vocalizes the verb as a Qal. The LXX, however, treats the verb as a Hiphil, “they brought.”

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