Text -- 2 Chronicles 18:1-17 (NET)

Jehoshaphat Allies with Ahab

18:1 Jehoshaphat was very wealthy and greatly respected. He made an alliance by marriage with Ahab, 18:2 and after several years went down to visit Ahab in Samaria. Ahab slaughtered many sheep and cattle to honor Jehoshaphat and those who came with him. He persuaded him to join in an attack against Ramoth Gilead. 18:3 King Ahab of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “Will you go with me to attack Ramoth Gilead?” Jehoshaphat replied to the king of Israel, “I will support you; my army is at your disposal and will support you in battle.” 18:4 Then Jehoshaphat added, “First seek an oracle from the Lord.” 18:5 So the king of Israel assembled 400 prophets and asked them, “Should we attack Ramoth Gilead or not?” They said, “Attack! God will hand it over to the king.” 18:6 But Jehoshaphat asked, “Is there not a prophet of the Lord still here, that we may ask him?” 18:7 The king of Israel answered Jehoshaphat, “There is still one man through whom we can seek the Lord’s will. But I despise him because he does not prophesy prosperity for me, but always disaster. His name is Micaiah son of Imlah. Jehoshaphat said, “The king should not say such things!” 18:8 The king of Israel summoned an officer and said, “Quickly bring Micaiah son of Imlah.” 18:9 Now the king of Israel and King Jehoshaphat of Judah were sitting on their respective thrones, dressed in their royal robes, at the threshing floor at the entrance of the gate of Samaria. All the prophets were prophesying before them. 18:10 Zedekiah son of Kenaanah made iron horns and said, “This is what the Lord says, ‘With these you will gore Syria until they are destroyed!’” 18:11 All the prophets were prophesying the same, saying, “Attack Ramoth Gilead! You will succeed; the Lord will hand it over to the king!” 18:12 Now the messenger who went to summon Micaiah said to him, “Look, the prophets are in complete agreement that the king will succeed. Your words must agree with theirs; you must predict success!” 18:13 But Micaiah said, “As certainly as the Lord lives, I will say what my God tells me to say!” 18:14 Micaiah came before the king and the king asked him, “Micaiah, should we attack Ramoth Gilead or not?” He answered him, “Attack! You will succeed; they will be handed over to you.” 18:15 The king said to him, “How many times must I make you solemnly promise in the name of the Lord to tell me only the truth?” 18:16 Micaiah replied, “I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains like sheep that have no shepherd. Then the Lord said, ‘They have no master. They should go home in peace.’” 18:17 The king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “Didn’t I tell you he does not prophesy prosperity for me, but disaster?”

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:2

¹ tn Heb “at the end of years.”

² tn The word “visit” is supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.

³ map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

⁴ tn Heb “and Ahab slaughtered for him sheep and cattle in abundance, and for the people who were with him.”

⁵ tn Heb “to go up.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:3

¹ tn Heb “Like me, like you; and like your people, my people; and with you in battle.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:4

¹ tn Heb “and Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel.”

² tn Heb “the word of the Lord.” Jehoshaphat is requesting a prophetic oracle revealing the Lord’s will in the matter and their prospects for success. For examples of such oracles, see 2 Sam 5:19, 23-24.

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:5

¹ tn Heb “Should we go against Ramoth Gilead for war or should I refrain?”

² tn Though Jehoshaphat had requested an oracle from “the Lord” (יְהוָה, yÿhvah, “Yahweh”), the Israelite prophets stop short of actually using this name and substitute the title הָאֱלֹהִים (ha’elohim, “the God”). This ambiguity may explain in part Jehoshaphat’s hesitancy and caution (vv. 7-8). He seems to doubt that the 400 are genuine prophets of the Lord.

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:7

¹ tn Heb “to seek the Lord from him.”

² tn Or “hate.”

³ tn Heb “all his days.”

⁴ tn The words “his name is” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:9

¹ tn Heb “at,” which in this case probably means “near.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:12

¹ tn Heb “the words of the prophets are [with] one mouth good for the king.”

² tn Heb “let your words be like one of them and speak good.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:14

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Micaiah) has been specified in the translation both for clarity and for stylistic reasons.

² sn One does not expect Micaiah, having just vowed to speak only what the Lord tells him, to agree with the other prophets and give the king an inaccurate prophecy. Micaiah’s actions became understandable later, when we discover that the Lord desires to deceive the king and lead him to his demise. The Lord even dispatches a lying spirit to deceive Ahab’s prophets. Micaiah can lie to the king because he realizes this lie is from the Lord. It is important to note that in v. 13 Micaiah only vows to speak the word of his God; he does not necessarily say he will tell the truth. In this case the Lord’s word is deliberately deceptive. Only when the king adjures him to tell the truth (v. 15), does Micaiah do so.

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:15

¹ tn Or “swear an oath by.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 18:16

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Micaiah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.