2Ch 21:1-18 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 2 Chronicles 21:1-18 (NET)

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Context

21:1 Jehoshaphat passed away and was buried with his ancestors in the City of David. His son Jehoram replaced him as king.

Jehoram’s Reign

21:2 His brothers, Jehoshaphat’s sons, were Azariah, Jechiel, Zechariah, Azariahu, Michael, and Shephatiah. All of these were sons of King Jehoshaphat of Israel. 21:3 Their father gave them many presents, including silver, gold, and other precious items, along with fortified cities in Judah. But he gave the kingdom to Jehoram because he was the firstborn. 21:4 Jehoram took control of his father’s kingdom and became powerful. Then he killed all his brothers, as well as some of the officials of Israel. 21:5 Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he became king and he reigned for eight years in Jerusalem. 21:6 He followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel, just as Ahab’s dynasty had done, for he married Ahab’s daughter. He did evil in the sight of the Lord. 21:7 But the Lord was unwilling to destroy David’s dynasty because of the promise he had made to give David a perpetual dynasty. 21:8 During Jehoram’s reign Edom freed themselves from Judah’s control and set up their own king. 21:9 Jehoram crossed over to Zair with his officers and all his chariots. The Edomites, who had surrounded him, attacked at night and defeated him and his chariot officers. 21:10 So Edom has remained free from Judah’s control to this very day. At that same time Libnah also rebelled and freed themselves from Judah’s control because Jehoram rejected the Lord God of his ancestors. 21:11 He also built high places on the hills of Judah; he encouraged the residents of Jerusalem to be unfaithful to the Lord and led Judah away from the Lord. 21:12 Jehoram received this letter from Elijah the prophet: “This is what the Lord God of your ancestor David says: ‘You have not followed in the footsteps of your father Jehoshaphat and of King Asa of Judah, 21:13 but have instead followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel. You encouraged the people of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem to be unfaithful to the Lord, just as the family of Ahab does in Israel. You also killed your brothers, members of your father’s family, who were better than you. 21:14 So look, the Lord is about to severely afflict your people, your sons, your wives, and all you own. 21:15 And you will get a serious, chronic intestinal disease which will cause your intestines to come out.” 21:16 The Lord stirred up against Jehoram the Philistines and the Arabs who lived beside the Cushites. 21:17 They attacked Judah and swept through it. They carried off everything they found in the royal palace, including his sons and wives. None of his sons was left, except for his youngest, Ahaziah. 21:18 After all this happened, the Lord afflicted him with an incurable intestinal disease.

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Cross Reference (TSK)

ITL

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Ahab son and successor of Omri, king of Israel,son of Kolaiah; a false prophet in the time of King Zedekiah

· Arab the entire region of the Arabian Peninsula, the Sinai Peninsula, the land of Edom, and all the land between the Jordan Valley and the Euphrates River (ZD).,a region of desert plains

· Asa a son of Abijah; the father of Jehoshaphat; an ancestor of Jesus.,son of Abijam and king of Judah,son of Elkanah; a Levite whose descendants returned from exile

· Azariah son of Ahimaaz; grandson and successor of Zadok I,son of Nathan; a priest who was chief of Solomons officers,son and successor of king Amaziah of Judah,son of Ethan son of Zerah of Judah,son of Jehu son of Obed of Judah,son of Johanan; descendant of Meraioth I,son of Hilkiah before the exile; high priest Azariah III,a descendant of Hilkiah the priest,son of Zephaniah/Uriel (Korah Levi); forefather of Samuel,son of Oded; prophet under King Asa,second son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,fifth son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,son of Jeroham; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,son of Obed; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,the priest who confronted Uzziah for offering incense,a chief of Ephraim under Israel's King Pekah,father of Joel (Kohath Levi), who served under Hezekiah,son of Jehallelel (Merari Levi). He served under Hezekiah,chief priest, of Zadok's line, under Hezekiah,son of Maaseiah son of Ananiah; a repairer of Nehemiah's wall,a man who accompanied Zerubbabel back to the land of Judah,a scribe who helped Ezra explain the reading of the Law,a priest who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a prince of Judah who led praises to God on the new city wall,son of Hoshaiah; one of the leaders rebelling against Jeremiah,a man exiled from Judah and trained with Daniel in Babylon

· City of David the capital of Israel, on the border of Benjamin and Judah

· city of David the capital of Israel, on the border of Benjamin and Judah

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Edom resident(s) of the region of Edom

· Edomite resident(s) of the region of Edom

· Elijah a prophet from the 9th century B.C.,a prophet from Tishbe in Gilead to Israel in King Ahab's time,son of Jeroham of Benjamin,a priest of the Harim clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Bani Elam clan who put away his heathen wife

· Ethiopian a man of Ethiopia,a member of the nation of Ethiopia

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Jehiel son of Heman the Levite in Hezekiah's time

· Jehoahaz son and successor of Jehu, King of Israel,son and successor of Josiah, King of Judah,youngest son and successor of King Jehoram of Judah

· Jehoram a son of Jehoshaphat; the father of Uzziah; an ancestor of Jesus.,son of Toi or Tou, king of Hamath,son and successor of King Jehoshaphat of Judah,second son and second successor of King Ahab of Israel,son of Jeshaiah; a Levitical chief treasurer whose descendants returned from exile

· Jehoshaphat the son and successor of king Asa of Judah; the father of Jehoram; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Ahilud; a recorder for King Solomon,an officer over collecting food supplies for King Solomon from Issachar; son of Paruah,son of Asa; King of Judah,son of Nimshi; father of King Jehu of Israel,a situation ("valley") of being judged (OS)

· Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin

· Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall

· Libnah a place where Israel encamped,a town in the western foothills of Judah 12 km SE of Gath & 23 km NE of Hebron

· Michael a chief angel; an archangel,father of Sethur, of Asher, who helped spy out Canaan,son of Abihail; a founding father of one of the clans of Gad,son of Jeshishai of the tribe of Gad,son of Baaseiah, of Gershom of Levi; ancestor of Asaph,son of Izrahiah of Issachar,son of Beriah of Benjamin,one of Saul's commanders from Manasseh who defected to David,a man of Issachar in Saul and David's time. The father of Omri, who was the officer over the tribe of Issachar.,son of king Jehoshaphat,father of Zebadiah who lead the Shephatiah Clan back from exile,an angel

· Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan

· Shephatiah son of David and Abital,son of Reuel of Benjamin whose descendants returned from exile,one of the Benjamite men who defected to David at Ziklag,son of Maacah; David's chief officer over the Simeonites,son of King Jehoshaphat,a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon,leader of "Solomon's Servants" Clansmen back from exile,forefather of a clan returned from exile headed by Zebadiah,son of Ma-Halalel of Judah,son of Mattan; a prince who charged Jeremiah with treason

· Zechariah the father of John the baptist,a son of Berekiah, a righteous man who was killed by the Jewish authorities,son and successor of King Jeroboam,father of Abi, the mother of King Hezekiah,a leader of the tribe of Reuben,son of Meshelemiah; a door keeper for the tent of meeting,son of Jeiel and Maacah of Gibeon,a Levite gate keeper and harpist in David's time,a priest and trumpeter in David's time,son of Isshiah (Uzziel Kohath Levi),son of Hosah; a pre-exile Levite gatekeeper,a man of Manasseh in Gilead in Saul and David's time,a prince whom Jehoshaphat sent to teach the law around Judah,son of Benaiah (Asaph Levi),son of King Jehoshaphat,son of Jehoiada the priest; a prophet,a man who influenced King Uzziah for good,a Levite (Asaph) who helped Hezekiah cleanse the temple,a Levite (Kohath) who helped King Josiah restore the temple,a chief officer of the house of God in Josiah's time,son of Berechiah; a priest; writer of the book of Zechariah,leader among the Parosh clansmen who returned from exile,son of Bebai; leader among Bebai clansmen returned from exile,a lay man of the Elam Clan who put away his heathen wife,a man who stood with Ezra when he read the law to the assembly,son of Amariah of Judah,a descendant of Shelah,son of Pashhur; a priest whose descendants returned from exile,son of Jonathan (Asaph Levi),son of Jeberechiah; a witness to Isaiah's prophesy

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:1 The parallel account in 2 Kgs 8:16-24 has the variant spelling “Jehoram.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:2 A number of times in 2 Chronicles “Israel” is used instead of the more specific “Judah”; see 2 Chr 12:6; 23:2). In the interes...

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:4 Heb “and he killed all his brothers with the sword.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:5 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:6 Heb “in the eyes of.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:7 Heb “which he made to David, just as he had promised to give him and his sons a lamp all the days.” Here “lamp” is metaphorica...

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:8 Heb “in his days Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah and enthroned a king over them.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:9 Heb “and he arose at night and defeated Edom, who had surrounded him, and the chariot officers.” The Hebrew text as it stands gives the im...

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:10 Heb “he.” This pronoun could refer to Judah, but the context focuses on Jehoram’s misdeeds. See especially v. 11.

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:11 Heb “and drove Judah away.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:12 Heb “in the ways of.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:13 Heb “the house of your father.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:14 Heb “to strike with a great striking.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:15 Heb “and you [will have] a serious illness, an illness of the intestines until your intestines come out because of the illness days upon days.&#...

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:16 Heb “the spirit of the Philistines.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:17 Heb “all the property which was found in the house of the king.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 21:18 Heb “in his intestines with an illness [for which] there was no healer.”

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