Text -- Daniel 5:23-31 (NET)

5:23 Instead, you have exalted yourself against the Lord of heaven. You brought before you the vessels from his temple, and you and your nobles, together with your wives and concubines, drank wine from them. You praised the gods of silver, gold, bronze, iron, wood, and stone– gods that cannot see or hear or comprehend! But you have not glorified the God who has in his control your very breath and all your ways! 5:24 Therefore the palm of a hand was sent from him, and this writing was inscribed. 5:25 “This is the writing that was inscribed: MENE, MENE, TEQEL, and PHARSIN. 5:26 This is the interpretation of the words: As for mene– God has numbered your kingdom’s days and brought it to an end. 5:27 As for teqel– you are weighed on the balances and found to be lacking. 5:28 As for peres– your kingdom is divided and given over to the Medes and Persians.” 5:29 Then, on Belshazzar’s orders, Daniel was clothed in purple, a golden collar was placed around his neck, and he was proclaimed third ruler in the kingdom. 5:30 And in that very night Belshazzar, the Babylonian king, was killed. 5:31 So Darius the Mede took control of the kingdom when he was about sixty-two years old.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Dan 5:23

¹ tn Aram “which.”

² tn Aram “in whose hand [are].”

NET Notes: Dan 5:25

¹ tc The Greek version of Theodotion lacks the repetition of מְנֵא (mÿne’, cf. NAB).

² tc The Aramaic word is plural. Theodotion has the singular (cf. NAB “PERES”).

NET Notes: Dan 5:26

¹ tn Or “word” or “event.” See HALOT 1915 s.v. מִלָּה.

² tn The Aramaic term מְנֵא (mÿne’) is a noun referring to a measure of weight. The linkage here to the verb “to number” (Aram. מְנָה, mÿnah) is a case of paronomasia rather than strict etymology. So also with תְּקֵל (tÿqel) and פַרְסִין (farsin). In the latter case there is an obvious wordplay with the name “Persian.”

NET Notes: Dan 5:28

¹ sn Peres (פְּרֵס) is the singular form of פַרְסִין (pharsin) in v. 25.

NET Notes: Dan 5:29

¹ tn Aram “Belshazzar spoke.”

NET Notes: Dan 5:30

¹ tn Aram “king of the Chaldeans.”

² sn The year was 539 B.C. At this time Daniel would have been approximately eighty-one years old. The relevant extra-biblical records describing the fall of Babylon include portions of Herodotus, Xenophon, Berossus (cited in Josephus), the Cyrus Cylinder, and the Babylonian Chronicle.

NET Notes: Dan 5:31

¹ sn Beginning with 5:31, the verse numbers through 6:28 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Aramaic text (BHS), with 5:31 ET = 6:1 AT, 6:1 ET = 6:2 AT, 6:2 ET = 6:3 AT, 6:3 ET = 6:4 AT, etc., through 6:28 ET = 6:29 AT. Beginning with 7:1 the verse numbers in the English Bible and the Aramaic text are again the same.