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Text -- Genesis 10:22 (NET)

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Context
10:22 The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.
Parallel   Cross Reference (TSK)   ITL  

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Aram the country to the north of Palestine,a country of north western Mesopotamia
 · Asshur a country of northern Mesopotamia
 · Elam son of Shem son of Noah,a country east of the Tigris and Babylon in the territory of Media,son of Shashak of Benjamin,son of Meshelemiah; a Levite gatekeeper,a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon; Elam I,forefather of exile returnees with Zerubbabel; Elam II,forefather of returnees headed by Jeshaiah,forefather of Shecaniah who had to put away his heathen wife,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law,a priest who helped Nehemiah dedicate the new wall of Jerusalem
 · Lud son of Shem son of Noah,a people from Lydia in Eastern Turkey
 · Shem the father of Arphaxad; a son of Noah; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Noah


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Noah | Lydia | Lud | Japheth | Ham | GENEALOGY, 1-7 | ELAM; ELAMITES | ELAM | Dodanim | Canaanites | CUSH (1) | Building | Assyria | Asshur | Arphaxad | Aram | Arabia | ASIA MINOR, ARCHAEOLOGY OF | AMALEK; AMALEKITE | ADAM IN THE OLD TESTAMENT | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Clarke , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable , Guzik

Other
Bible Query

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Clarke: Gen 10:22 - -- Elam - From whom came the Elamites, near to the Medes, and whose chief city was Elymais

Elam - From whom came the Elamites, near to the Medes, and whose chief city was Elymais

Clarke: Gen 10:22 - -- Asshur - Who gave his name to a vast province (afterwards a mighty empire) called Assyria

Asshur - Who gave his name to a vast province (afterwards a mighty empire) called Assyria

Clarke: Gen 10:22 - -- Arphaxad - From whom Arrapachitis in Assyria was named, according to some; or Artaxata in Armenia, on the frontiers of Media, according to others

Arphaxad - From whom Arrapachitis in Assyria was named, according to some; or Artaxata in Armenia, on the frontiers of Media, according to others

Clarke: Gen 10:22 - -- Lud - The founder of the Lydians. In Asia Minor; or of the Ludim, who dwelt at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris, according to Arias Montan...

Lud - The founder of the Lydians. In Asia Minor; or of the Ludim, who dwelt at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris, according to Arias Montanus

Clarke: Gen 10:22 - -- Aram - The father of the Arameans, afterwards called Syrians.

Aram - The father of the Arameans, afterwards called Syrians.

Defender: Gen 10:22 - -- Elam is the ancestor of the Elamites, who later merged with the Medes (descendants of Madai) to form the Medo-Persian empire.

Elam is the ancestor of the Elamites, who later merged with the Medes (descendants of Madai) to form the Medo-Persian empire.

Defender: Gen 10:22 - -- Asshur gives his name to the Assyrians, although his settlement on the Tigris was later taken over by Nimrod (Gen 10:11).

Asshur gives his name to the Assyrians, although his settlement on the Tigris was later taken over by Nimrod (Gen 10:11).

Defender: Gen 10:22 - -- According to Josephus, Lud was the ancestor of the Lydians.

According to Josephus, Lud was the ancestor of the Lydians.

Defender: Gen 10:22 - -- Aram is the father of the Aramaeans, or Syrians. The Aramaic language was almost a world language in the ancient world, and even some parts of the Old...

Aram is the father of the Aramaeans, or Syrians. The Aramaic language was almost a world language in the ancient world, and even some parts of the Old Testament were first written in Aramaic."

TSK: Gen 10:22 - -- children : Gen 9:26; 1Ch 1:17-27 Elam : Gen 14:1-9; 2Ki 15:19; Job 1:17; Isa 11:11, Isa 21:2, Isa 22:6; Jer 25:25; Jer 49:34-39; Act 2:9 Arphaxad : He...

children : Gen 9:26; 1Ch 1:17-27

Elam : Gen 14:1-9; 2Ki 15:19; Job 1:17; Isa 11:11, Isa 21:2, Isa 22:6; Jer 25:25; Jer 49:34-39; Act 2:9

Arphaxad : Heb. Arpachshad

Lud : Isa 66:19

Aram : Num 23:7

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Gen 10:21-32 - -- - XXXIII. Shem 21. אבר 'eber , "‘ Eber, yonder side; verb: pass, cross." 22. עילם 'eylām , "‘ Elam." עוּל ‛u...

- XXXIII. Shem

21. אבר 'eber , "‘ Eber, yonder side; verb: pass, cross."

22. עילם 'eylām , "‘ Elam." עוּל ‛ûl , "suckle." עלם ‛ālam , "hide; be mature." ארפכשׁד 'arpakshad , "Arpakshad." כשׂד ארף 'arp keśed , "boundary of Kesed, or (von-Bohlen) Arjapakshata, beside Aria." ארם 'ǎrām , "Aram, high; verb: be high."

23. עוּץ ‛ûts , "‘ Uts; verb: counsel; be firm, solid." חוּל chûl , "Chul; verb: rub, twist, writhe, be strong, await." גתר geter , "Gether, bridge?" משׁ meshek , "Mash; related: feel, touch."

24. שׁלח shelach , "Shelach, missile, shoot."

25. פלג peleg , "Peleg; noun: brook, canal; verb: divide." יקטן yāqṭān , "Joctan, small."

26. אלמודד 'almôdād , "Almodad." למד lāmad , "learn." מדד mādad , "measure." שׁלף shelep , "Sheleph; verb: draw out or off." חערמות chatsarmāvet , "Chatsarmaveth, court of death." ירח yerach , "Jerach, moon, month."

27. הדורם hadôrām , Hadoram, "majesty, beauty;"verb: "swell, honor." אוּזל 'ûzāl , Uzal; verb: "go out or away." דקלה dı̂qlâh Diclah, "palm."

28. עובל ‛ôbāl , ‘ Obal, "bare, bald." אבימאל 'ǎbı̂ymā'ēl , Abimael, "father of Mael"(circumcision).

29. אופיר 'ôpı̂r , Ophir; verb: "break, veil." יובב yôbāb , Jobab; verb: "cry, call."

30. משׁא mēshā' , Mesha, שׁאה shā'âh = שׁוא shô' , "roar, crash." ספר se pār Sephar, "counting. writing."

From Japheth, who penetrated into the remotest regions, the writer proceeds to Ham, who came into close contact with Shem. From Ham, he passes to Shem, in whom the line of history is to be continued.

Gen 10:21

Shem is here distinguished by two characteristics - the former referring to a subsequent, the latter to an antecedent event. He is "the father of all the sons of Heber."It is evident from this that the sons of Heber cast luster on the family of Shem, and therefore on the whole human race. It is unnecessary to anticipate the narrative, except so far as to note that the sons of Heber include most of the Arabians, a portion of those who mingled with the race and inhabited the land of Aram, and, most probably, the original element of the population in the land of Kenaan. This characteristic of Shem shows that the table in which it is found was composed after the Hebrews had become conspicuous among the descendants of Shem.

Shem is next distinguished as the "older brother of Japheth"; that is, older than Ham. This interpretation of the words is most agreeable to the Hebrew idiom, and is the only one which affords an important sense. That Shem was the second son appears from the facts that Ham was the youngest Gen 9:24, that Shem was born in the five hundred and third year of Noah Gen 11:10, and, therefore, Japheth must have been the one born when Noah was in his five hundredth year Gen 5:32. The reason for inserting this statement is to prevent the order in which the brothers are introduced in the pedigree from being taken as that of their age, instead of that of the historical relationship subsisting among the nations descended from them.

Gen 10:22

Twenty-six of the primitive nations are descended from Shem, of which five are immediate.

(45) Elam was settled in a part of the modern Persia, to which he gave name. This name seems to be preserved in Elymais, a province of that country bordering on the Dijlah, and now included in Khusistan. It was early governed by its own kings Gen 14:1, and continued to occupy a distinct place among the nations in the time of the later prophets Isa 22:6; Jer 49:34; Eze 32:24. Its capital was Shushan or Susa Dan 8:2, now Shuster.

(46) Asshur seems to have originally occupied a district of Mesopotamia, which was bounded on the east by the Tigris Gen 2:14. The inviting plains and slopes on the east of the Tigris would soon occasion a migration of part of the nation across that river. It is possible there may have been an ancient Asshur occupying the same region even before the flood Gen 2:14.

(47) Arpakshad is traced in Ἀῤῥαπαχῖτις Arrapachitis , Arrhapachitis, a region in the north of Assyria. V. Bohlen and Benfey identify it with Ariapakshata, denoting a country beside Aria. Gesenius renders it border or stronghold of the Kasdim; but the components of the word are uncertain. The nations descended from Arpakshad are noted at the close on account of their late origin, as well as their import for the subsequent narrative.

(48) Lud is usually identified with the Lydians, Λυδοὶ Ludoi , who by migration at length reached and gave their name to a part of the west coast of Asia Minor.

(49) Aram gave name to the upper parts of Mesopotamia and the parts of Syria north of Palestine. Hence, we read of Aram Naharaim (of the two rivers), Aram Dammesek (of Damascus), Aram Maakah on the southwest border of Damascus, about the sources of the Jordan, Aram Beth Rechob in the same neighborhood, and Aram Zoba to the north of Damascus. The name is perhaps varied in the Ἄριμοι Arimoi of Homer (Iliad 2:783) and Strabo (xiii. 4, 6). From Aram are descended four later nations.

Gen 10:23

(50) Uz ( Ἀνσῖτις Ausitis , Septuagint.) the chief of a people having their seat in the north of Arabia Deserta, between Palestine and the Euphrates. From this Uz it is possible that the sons of Nahor and of Seir Gen 22:21; Gen 36:28 obtained their name. Job dwelt in this land.

(51) Hul is supposed to have his settlement about the sources of the Jordan in Huleh. Others trace this nation in the Hylatae (Pliny 5:19) near Emesa.

(52) Gether is of uncertain position, probably in Arabia.

(53) Mash may have left a trace of his name in Mons Masius, Karajah Dagh, south of Diarbekir, and perhaps also in the Mysians and Moesians, who may have wandered westward from under this mountain.

Gen 10:24

Arpakshad begat (54) Shelah. We know nothing of the nation of which he was the founder. He begat

(55) Heber. He is the progenitor of the Hebrews, the race to which Abraham belonged. He is marked out very prominently for reasons partly unknown to us at this distance of time, but partly no doubt because he was the ancestor of the chosen race who immediately preceded the confusion of tongues, and to whom belonged that generic Hebrew tongue, which afterward branched into several dialects, of which the Hebrew, now strictly so called, was one. It is probable that most of the diversified modes of speech retained the substance of the primeval speech of mankind. And it is not improbable, for various reasons, that this Hebrew tongue, taken in its largest sense, deviated less from the original standard than any other. The Shemites, and especially the Hebrews, departed less from the knowledge of the true God than the other families of man, and, therefore, may be presumed to have suffered less from the concussion given to the living speech of the race.

The knowledge previously accumulated of the true God, and of his will and way, would have been lost, if the terms and other modes of expressing divine things had been entirely obliterated. It is consonant with reason, then, to suppose that some one language was so little shaken from its primary structure as to preserve this knowledge. We know as a fact, that, while other nations retained some faint traces of the primeval history, the Hebrews have handed down certain and tangible information concerning former things in a consecutive order from the very first. This is a proof positive that they had the distinct outline and material substance of the primeval tongue in which these things were originally expressed. In keeping with this line of reasoning, while distinct from it, is the fact that the names of persons and things are given and explained in the Hebrew tongue, and most of them in that branch of it in which the Old Testament is composed. We do not enter further into the special nature of the Hebrew family of languages, or the relationship in which they are found to stand with the other forms of human speech than to intimate that such investigations tend to confirm the conclusions here enunciated.

Gen 10:25

This nation was very extensive, and accordingly branched out into several, of which the immediate ones are Peleg and Joctan.

(56) Peleg is remarkable on account of the origin assigned to his name. "In his days was the land divided."Here two questions occur. What is the meaning of the earth being divided, and what is the time denoted by "his days?"The verb "divide"( פלג pālag ) occurs only three times elsewhere in the Hebrew scriptures 1Ch 1:19; Job 38:25; Psa 55:10. The connection in which this rare word is used in the Psalm, "divide their tongues,"seems to determine its reference in the present passage to the confusion of tongues and consequent dispersion of mankind recorded in the following chapter. This affords a probable answer to our first question. The land was in his days divided among the representative heads of the various nations. But to what point of time are we directed by the phrase "in his days?"Was the land divided at his birth, or some subsequent period of his life? The latter is possible, as Jacob and Gideon received new names, and Joshua an altered name, in later life.

The phrase "in his days"seems to look the same way. And the short interval from the deluge to his birth appears scarcely to suffice for such an increase of the human family as to allow of a separation into nations. Yet, on the other hand, it is hard to find any event in later life which connected this individual more than any other with the dispersion of man. It is customary to give the name at birth. The phrase "in his days"may, without any straining, refer to this period. And if we suppose, at a time when there were only a few families on the earth, an average increase of ten children in each in four generations, we shall have a thousand, or twelve hundred full-grown persons, and, therefore, may have five hundred families at the birth of Peleg. We cannot suppose more than fifty-five nations distinguished from one another at the dispersion, as Heber is the fifty-fifth name, and all the others are descended from him.

And if three families were sufficient to propagate the race after the flood, nine or ten were enough to constitute a primeval tribe or nation. We see some reason, therefore, to take the birth of Peleg as the occasion on which he received his name, and no stringent reason for fixing upon any later date. At all events the question seems to be of no chronological importance, as in any case only four generations preceded Peleg, and these might have been of comparatively longer or shorter duration without materially affecting the number of mankind at the time of his birth. Peleg is also remarkable as the head of that nation out of which, at an after period, the special people of God sprang. Of the Palgites, as a whole, we hear little or nothing further in history.

(57) Joctan, if little or insignificant as an individual or a nation, is the progenitor of a large group of tribes, finding their place among the wandering races included afterward under the name Arabic. Cachtan, as the Arabs designate him in their traditions, may have given name to Cachtan, a town and province mentioned by Niebuhr.

Gen 10:26-29

The thirteen tribes of the Joctanites or primitive Arabs are enumerated here in Gen 10:26-29.

(58) Almodad is usually referred to Yemen. The first syllable may be the Arabic article. Mudad is the name of one celebrated in Arab story as the stepfather of Ishmael and chief of the Jurhum tribe of Joctanites. The Ἀλλουμαιῶται Alloumaiōtai of Ptolemy belonged to the interior of Arabia Felix.

(59) Sheleph is traced in the Σαλαπηνοὶ Salapeenoi of Ptolemy (vi. 7), belonging to the interior.

(60) Hazarmaveth gives name to a district on the Indian Ocean, abounding in spices, now called Hadramaut. This tribe is the Chatramitae of Greek writers.

(61) Jerah occupied a district where are the coast and mountain of the moon, near Hadramaut.

(62) Hadoram is preserved in the tribe called Ἀδραμῖται Adamitai Atramitae, placed by Pliny (vi. 28) between the Homerites and the Sachalites on the south coast of Arabia.

(63) Uzal perhaps gave the ancient name of Azal to Sana, the capital of Yemen, a place still celebrated for the manufacture of beautiful stuffs.

(64) Diclah settled possibly in the palm-bearing region of the Minaei in Hejaz.

(65) Obal is otherwise unknown.

(66) Abimael is equally obscure. Bochart supposes there is a trace of the name in Μάλι Mali , a place in Arabia Aromatifera.

(67) Sheba is the progenitor of the Sabaei in Arabia Felix, celebrated for spices, gold, and precious stones, and noted for the prosperity arising from traffic in these commodities. A queen of Sheba visited Solomon. The dominant family among the Sabaeans was that of Himjar, from whom the Himjarites (Homeritae) of a later period descended.

(68) Ophir gave name to a country celebrated for gold, precious stones, and almug wood, which seems to have lain on the south side of Arabia, where these products may be found. What kind of tree the almug is has not been clearly ascertained. Some suppose it to be the sandal wood which grows in Persia and India; others, a species of pine. If this wood was not native, it may have been imported from more distant countries to Ophir, which was evidently a great emporium. Others, however, have supposed Ophir to be in India, or Eastern Africa. The chief argument for a more distant locality arises from the supposed three years’ voyage to it from Ezion-geber, and the products obtained in the country so reached. But the three years’ voyage 1Ki 10:22; 2Ch 9:21 seems to be in reality to Tarshish, a very different region.

(69) Havilah here is the founder of a Joctanite tribe of Arabs, and therefore his territory must be sought somewhere in the extensive country which was occupied by these wandering tribes. A trace of the name is probably preserved in Khawlan, a district lying in the northwest of Yemen, between Sana and Mecca, though the tribe may have originally settled or extended further north.

(70) Jobab has been compared with the Ἰωβαρῖται Iōbaritai of Ptolemy (vi. 7). Bochart finds the name in the Arabic: yobab , a desert.

Gen 10:29

The situation of Mesha is uncertain. But it is obviously the western boundary of the settlement, and may have been in the neighborhood of Mecca and Medina. Sephar is perhaps the Arabic Zaphari, called by the natives Isfor, a town on the south coast near Mirbat. It seems, however, to be, in the present passage, the "mount of the east"itself, a thuriferous range of hills, adjacent, it may be, to the seaport so-called. Gesenius and others fix upon Mesene, an island at the head of the Persian Gulf, as the Mesha of the text. But this island may have had no existence at the time of the Joctanite settlement. These boundaries include the greater part of the west and south coast of the peninsula, and are therefore sufficient to embrace the provinces of Hejaz (in part), Yemen, and Hadramaut, and afford space for the settlements of the thirteen sons of Joctan. The limits thus marked out determine that all these settlers, Ophir among the rest, were at first to be found in Arabia, how far soever they may have wandered from it afterward.

Gen 10:31-32

Gen 10:31 contains the usual closing formula for the pedigree of the Shemite tribes; and Gen 10:32 contains the corresponding form for the whole table of nations.

From a review of these lands it is evident that Shem occupied a much smaller extent of territory than either of his brothers. The mountains beyond the Tigris, the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, the Levant, the Archipelago, and the Black Sea, bound the countries that were in part peopled by Shem. Arabia, Syria, and Assyria contained the great bulk of the Shemites, intermingled with some of the Hamites. The Kushites, Kenaanites, and Philistines trench upon their ground. The rest of the Hamites peopled Africa, and such countries as were supplied from it. The Japhethites spread over all the rest of the world.

In this table there are 70 names, exclusive of Nimrod, of heads of families, tribes, or nations descended from the 3 sons of Noah - 14 from Japheth, 30 from Ham, and 26 from Shem. Among the heads of tribes descended from Japheth are 7 grandsons. Among those from Ham are 23 grandsons and 3 great-grandsons. Among those of Shem are 5 grandsons, one great-grandson, 2 of the fourth generation, and 13 of the fifth. Whence, it appears that the subdivisions are traced further in Ham and much further in Shem than in Japheth, and that they are pursued only in those lines which are of importance for the coming events in the history of Shem.

It is to be observed, also, that, though the different races are distinguished by the diversity of tongues, yet the different languages are much less numerous than the tribes. The eleven tribes of Kenaanites, and the thirteen tribes of Joctanites, making allowance for some tribal peculiarities, most probably spoke at first only two dialects of one family of languages, which we have designated the Hebrew, itself a branch of, if not identical with, what is commonly called the Shemitic. Hence, some Hamites spoke the language of Shem. A similar community of language may have occurred in some other instances of diversity of descent.

Poole: Gen 10:22 - -- Of Elam came the Elamites or Persians: see Gen 14:9 Isa 21:2 Jer 49:34 Dan 8:2 Act 2:9 . Asshur was father of the Assyrians: see Gen 10:11 . Of ...

Of Elam came the Elamites or Persians: see Gen 14:9 Isa 21:2 Jer 49:34 Dan 8:2 Act 2:9 .

Asshur was father of the Assyrians: see Gen 10:11 .

Of Arphaxad the Chaldeans, as many conceive; or, as others, the inhabitants of that part of Assyria, from him called Arphaxitis, which Ptolemy corruptly calls Arrapachitis.

Lud was father of the Lydians, a well-known people in Asia the Less.

Of Aram the Syrians, known by the name of Aramites, both in sacred and other authors: compare with this Gen 22:21 .

Gill: Gen 10:22 - -- The children of Shem,.... Whose names are Elam and Ashur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram; and who, as Josephus f says, inhabited Asia, from Euphra...

The children of Shem,.... Whose names are

Elam and Ashur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram; and who, as Josephus f says, inhabited Asia, from Euphrates to the Indian ocean: his first born, Elam, was the father of the Elymaeans, from whom sprung the Persians, as the same writer observes, and his posterity are called Elamites, Act 2:10 their country Elam, and is sometimes mentioned with Media, when the Persians and Medes are intended, Isa 21:2 see also Isa 22:6, &c. in Daniel's time, Shushan, in the province of Elam, was the seat of the kings of Persia: the country of Elymais, so called from this man, is said by Pliny g to be divided from Susiane by the river Eulaeus, and to join with Persia; and the famous city of Elymais, the metropolis of the country, is placed by Josephus h in Persia. Ashur, the second son of Shem, gives name to Assyria, a country frequently mentioned in Scripture; and which, according to Ptolemy i, was bounded on the north by part of Armenia the great, and the mountain Niphates, on the west by Mesopotamia and the river Tigris, on the south by Susiane, and on the east by part of Media. Strabo says k they call Babylonia, and great part of the country about it, Assyria, in which was Ninus or Nineveh, the chief city of the Assyrian empire; and which was built by Ashur, as Josephus l affirms, and says he gave the name of Assyrians to his subjects: Arphaxad, the third son of Shem, from him that part of Assyria, which lay northward next to Armenia, was called Arphaxitis, as it is probable that was its original name, though corruptly called by Ptolemy m Arrapachitis: Josephus says n, he gave name to the Arphaxadaeans, whom he ruled over, now called Chaldeans; and indeed the name of the Chaldeans may as well be derived from the latter part of Arphaxad's name, כשד, "Chashad", as from Chesed, the son of Nahor, and brother of Abraham, as it more commonly is; since the Chaldeans were called Chasdim before Chesed was born, and were a nation when Abraham came out of Ur, before Chesed could be old or considerable enough to build towns and found a nation; see Gen 11:31 though Bochart treats this as a mere dream, yet he is obliged to have recourse to the usual refuge, that Ur was called Ur of the Chaldees, by anticipation. The fourth son of Shem was Lud, from whom sprung the Lydians, a people of Asia minor, and whose country is called Lydia, including Mysia and Caria, which all lay by the river Maeander; and Lud, in the Phoenician language, signifies bending and crooked, as that river was, being full of windings and turnings: some think that the posterity of Lud are carried too far off from those of his brethren, but know not where else to fix them. From Aram, the last son of Shem, sprung the Aramaeans, called by the Greeks Syrians, as Josephus o observes; and by Homer p and Hesiod q αριμοι, and so says Strabo r; some by the Arimi understand the Syrians, now called Arami; and elsewhere s he observes, that they who are by us called Syrians, are by the Syrians themselves called Aramaeans, and this is the name they give to themselves to this day: the country inhabited by them included Mesopotamia and Syria, and particularly all those places that have the name of Aram added to them, as Padan Aram, and Aram Naharaim (which is Mesopotamia), Aram of Damascus, Aram Zobah, Aram Maacha, and Aram Beth Rehob, Gen 28:2 and the title of Psa 60:1, the Septuagint version here adds, "and Cainan", but without any authority.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Gen 10:22 Aram became the collective name of the northern tribes living in the steppes of Mesopotamia and speaking Aramaic dialects.

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Gen 10:1-32 - --1 The generations of Noah.2 Japheth.6 Ham.8 Nimrod the first monarch, and the descendants of Canaan.21 The sons of Shem.

MHCC: Gen 10:15-32 - --The posterity of Canaan were numerous, rich, and pleasantly seated; yet Canaan was under a Divine curse, and not a curse causeless. Those that are und...

Matthew Henry: Gen 10:21-32 - -- Two things especially are observable in this account of the posterity of Shem: - I. The description of Shem, Gen 10:21. We have not only his name, ...

Keil-Delitzsch: Gen 10:21-22 - -- Descendants of Shem. - Gen 10:21. For the construction, vid., Gen 4:26. Shem is called the father of all the sons of Eber , because two tribes spr...

Constable: Gen 1:1--11:27 - --I. PRIMEVAL EVENTS 1:1--11:26 Chapters 1-11 provide an introduction to the Book of Genesis, the Pentateuch, and ...

Constable: Gen 10:1--11:10 - --E. What became of Noah's sons 10:1-11:9 This chapter gives in some detail the distribution of Noah's des...

Constable: Gen 10:1-32 - --1. The table of nations ch. 10 This table shows that Yahweh created all peoples (cf. Deut. 32:8;...

Guzik: Gen 10:1-32 - --Genesis 10 - The Table of Nations The tenth chapter of Genesis . . . stands absolutely alone in ancient literature, without a remote parallel, even am...

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Commentary -- Other

Bible Query: Gen 10:22 Q: In Gen 10:22, how do you pronounce "Arphaxad"? A: Cruden’s Concordance and the Wycliffe Bible Dictionary say it is pronounced as "ar-faks’-ad...

Bible Query: Gen 10:22 Q: In Gen 10:22 and Gen 22:21, was Aram supposedly born twice, as the skeptical Asimov’s Guide to the Bible p.88 says? A: No, but there are two po...

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Introduction / Outline

JFB: Genesis (Book Introduction) GENESIS, the book of the origin or production of all things, consists of two parts: the first, comprehended in the first through eleventh chapters, gi...

JFB: Genesis (Outline) THE CREATION OF HEAVEN AND EARTH. (Gen 1:1-2) THE FIRST DAY. (Gen 1:3-5) SECOND DAY. (Gen 1:6-8) THIRD DAY. (Gen 1:9-13) FOURTH DAY. (Gen 1:14-19) FI...

TSK: Genesis (Book Introduction) The Book of Genesis is the most ancient record in the world; including the History of two grand and stupendous subjects, Creation and Providence; of e...

TSK: Genesis 10 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Gen 10:1, The generations of Noah; Gen 10:2, Japheth; Gen 10:6, Ham; Gen 10:8, Nimrod the first monarch, and the descendants of Canaan; G...

Poole: Genesis 10 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 10 Noah’ s posterity, Gen 10:1 . Sons of Japheth, Gen 10:2-5 . Of Ham, Gen 10:2-14 ; among whom Nimrod the first monarch and tyrant; h...

MHCC: Genesis (Book Introduction) Genesis is a name taken from the Greek, and signifies " the book of generation or production;" it is properly so called, as containing an account of ...

MHCC: Genesis 10 (Chapter Introduction) (Gen 10:1-7) The sons of Noah, of Japheth, of Ham. (Gen 10:8-14) Nimrod the first monarch. (v. 15-32) The descendants of Canaan, The sons of Shem.

Matthew Henry: Genesis (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The First Book of Moses, Called Genesis We have now before us the holy Bible, or book, for so bible ...

Matthew Henry: Genesis 10 (Chapter Introduction) This chapter shows more particularly what was said in general (Gen 9:19), concerning the three sons of Noah, that " of them was the whole earth ove...

Constable: Genesis (Book Introduction) Introduction Title Each book of the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Old Testam...

Constable: Genesis (Outline) Outline The structure of Genesis is very clear. The phrase "the generations of" (toledot in Hebrew, from yalad m...

Constable: Genesis Bibliography Aalders, Gerhard Charles. Genesis. The Bible Student's Commentary series. 2 vols. Translated by William Hey...

Haydock: Genesis (Book Introduction) THE BOOK OF GENESIS. INTRODUCTION. The Hebrews now entitle all the Five Books of Moses, from the initial words, which originally were written li...

Gill: Genesis (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS This book, in the Hebrew copies of the Bible, and by the Jewish writers, is generally called Bereshith, which signifies "in...

Gill: Genesis 10 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 10 This chapter gives an account of the posterity of the three sons of Noah, by whom the world was peopled after the flood,...

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