Text -- Isaiah 41:11-29 (NET)

41:11 Look, all who were angry at you will be ashamed and humiliated; your adversaries will be reduced to nothing and perish. 41:12 When you will look for your opponents, you will not find them; your enemies will be reduced to absolutely nothing. 41:13 For I am the Lord your God, the one who takes hold of your right hand, who says to you, ‘Don’t be afraid, I am helping you.’ 41:14 Don’t be afraid, despised insignificant Jacob, men of Israel. I am helping you,” says the Lord, your protector, the Holy One of Israel. 41:15 “Look, I am making you like a sharp threshing sledge, new and double-edged. You will thresh the mountains and crush them; you will make the hills like straw. 41:16 You will winnow them and the wind will blow them away; the wind will scatter them. You will rejoice in the Lord; you will boast in the Holy One of Israel. 41:17 The oppressed and the poor look for water, but there is none; their tongues are parched from thirst. I, the Lord, will respond to their prayers; I, the God of Israel, will not abandon them. 41:18 I will make streams flow down the slopes and produce springs in the middle of the valleys. I will turn the desert into a pool of water and the arid land into springs. 41:19 I will make cedars, acacias, myrtles, and olive trees grow in the wilderness; I will make evergreens, firs, and cypresses grow together in the desert. 41:20 I will do this so people will observe and recognize, so they will pay attention and understand that the Lord’s power has accomplished this, and that the Holy One of Israel has brought it into being.”

The Lord Challenges the Pagan Gods

41:21 “Present your argument,” says the Lord. “Produce your evidence,” says Jacob’s king. 41:22 “Let them produce evidence! Let them tell us what will happen! Tell us about your earlier predictive oracles, so we may examine them and see how they were fulfilled. Or decree for us some future events! 41:23 Predict how future events will turn out, so we might know you are gods. Yes, do something good or bad, so we might be frightened and in awe. 41:24 Look, you are nothing, and your accomplishments are nonexistent; the one who chooses to worship you is disgusting. 41:25 I have stirred up one out of the north and he advances, one from the eastern horizon who prays in my name. He steps on rulers as if they were clay, like a potter treading the clay. 41:26 Who decreed this from the beginning, so we could know? Who announced it ahead of time, so we could say, ‘He’s correct’? Indeed, none of them decreed it! Indeed, none of them announced it! Indeed, no one heard you say anything! 41:27 I first decreed to Zion, ‘Look, here’s what will happen!’ I sent a herald to Jerusalem. 41:28 I look, but there is no one, among them there is no one who serves as an adviser, that I might ask questions and receive answers. 41:29 Look, all of them are nothing, their accomplishments are nonexistent; their metal images lack any real substance.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Isa 41:11

¹ tn Heb “the men of your strife”; NASB “those who contend with you.”

² tn Heb “like nothing”; NAB “come to nought.”

NET Notes: Isa 41:12

¹ tn Heb “the men of your struggle”; NASB “those who quarrel with you.”

² tn Heb “the men of your battle”; NAB “who do battle with you.”

NET Notes: Isa 41:14

¹ tn Heb “O worm Jacob” (NAB, NIV). The worm metaphor suggests that Jacob is insignificant and despised.

² tn On the basis of the parallelism (note “worm”) and an alleged Akkadian cognate, some read “louse” or “weevil.” Cf. NAB “O maggot Israel”; NRSV “you insect Israel.”

³ tn Heb “your kinsman redeemer.” A גָּאַל (ga’al, “kinsman redeemer”) was a protector of the extended family’s interests.

⁴ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

NET Notes: Isa 41:15

¹ tn Heb “into” (so NIV); ASV “have made thee to be.”

² tn Heb “owner of two-mouths,” i.e., double-edged.

³ sn The mountains and hills symbolize hostile nations that are obstacles to Israel’s restoration.

NET Notes: Isa 41:17

¹ tn Heb “will answer them” (so ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

NET Notes: Isa 41:20

¹ tn The words “I will do this” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Hebrew text has here simply, “in order that.”

² tn Heb “they”; NAB, NRSV “that all may see”; CEV, NLT “Everyone will see.”

³ tn Heb “hand” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

⁴ tn Or “created it” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV); TEV “has made it happen.”

NET Notes: Isa 41:21

¹ tn Heb “strong [words],” see HALOT 870 s.v. *עֲצֻמוֹת.

² sn Apparently this challenge is addressed to the pagan idol gods, see vv. 23-24.

NET Notes: Isa 41:22

¹ tn Heb “As for the former things, tell us what they are!”

² tn Heb “so we might set [them to] our heart.”

³ tn Heb “and might know their outcome.”

NET Notes: Isa 41:23

¹ tn Heb “Declare the coming things, with respect to the end.”

² tc The translation assumes the Qere (וְנִרְאֶה [vÿnir’eh], from יָרֵא [yare’], “be afraid”).

tn Heb “so we might be frightened and afraid together.” On the meaning of the verb שָׁתָע (shata’), see the note at v. 10.

NET Notes: Isa 41:24

¹ tn Heb “an object of disgust [is he who] chooses you.”

NET Notes: Isa 41:25

¹ sn That is, Cyrus the Persian. See the note at v. 2.

² tn Heb “[one] from the rising of the sun [who] calls in my name.”

³ tn The Hebrew text has וְיָבֹא (vÿyavo’, “and he comes”), but this is likely a corruption of an original וַיָּבָס (vayyavas), from בּוּס (bus, “step on”).

NET Notes: Isa 41:26

¹ tn The words “who announced it” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The interrogative particle and verb are understood by ellipsis (see the preceding line).

NET Notes: Isa 41:27

¹ tn The Hebrew text reads simply, “First to Zion, ‘Look here they are!’” The words “I decreed” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: Isa 41:29

¹ tc The Hebrew text has אָוֶן (’aven, “deception,” i.e., “false”), but the Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a has אין (“nothing”), which forms a better parallel with אֶפֶס (’efes, “nothing”) in the next line. See also 40:17 and 41:12.

² tn Heb “their statues are wind and nothing”; NASB “wind and emptiness”; NIV “wind and confusion.”