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Text -- Isaiah 63:3 (NET)

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Context
63:3 “I have stomped grapes in the winepress all by myself; no one from the nations joined me. I stomped on them in my anger; I trampled them down in my rage. Their juice splashed on my garments, and stained all my clothes.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Dictionary Themes and Topics: Wine-press | Wine Press | WINE; WINE PRESS | WINE | SPRINKLE; SPRINKLING | Power | Obadiah, Book of | LOVE | Isaiah, The Book of | Isaiah | ISAIAH, 8-9 | Furrow | Edomites | EDOM, IDUMAEA OR IDUMEA | Dress | Colors | Arts and Crafts | Anger | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Calvin , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , Maclaren , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable , Guzik

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Wesley: Isa 63:3 - -- I have destroyed the enemies of my people, I have crushed them as grapes are crushed, this being an usual metaphor to describe the utter destruction o...

I have destroyed the enemies of my people, I have crushed them as grapes are crushed, this being an usual metaphor to describe the utter destruction of a people.

JFB: Isa 63:3 - -- Reply of Messiah. For the image, see Lam 1:15. He "treads the wine-press" here not as a sufferer, but as an inflicter of vengeance.

Reply of Messiah. For the image, see Lam 1:15. He "treads the wine-press" here not as a sufferer, but as an inflicter of vengeance.

JFB: Isa 63:3 - -- Rather preterites, "I trod . . . trampled . . . was sprinkled . . . I stained."

Rather preterites, "I trod . . . trampled . . . was sprinkled . . . I stained."

JFB: Isa 63:3 - -- Literally, "spirited juice" of the grape, pressed out by treading [GESENIUS].

Literally, "spirited juice" of the grape, pressed out by treading [GESENIUS].

Clarke: Isa 63:3 - -- And of the people there was none with me - I was wholly abandoned by them: but a good meaning is, No man has had any part in making the atonement; i...

And of the people there was none with me - I was wholly abandoned by them: but a good meaning is, No man has had any part in making the atonement; it is entirely the work of the Messiah alone. No created being could have any part in a sacrifice that was to be of infinite merit

And I will stain "And I have stained"- For אגאלתי egalti , a verb of very irregular formation, compounded, as they say, of the two forms of the preterite and future, a MS. has אגאלהו egalehu , the regular future with a pleonastic pronoun added to it, according to the Hebrew idiom: "And all my raiment, I have stained it."The necessity of the verb’ s being in the past tense seems to have given occasion to the alteration made in the end of the word. The conversive ו vau at the beginning of the sentence affects the verb, though not joined to it; of which there are many examples: -

עניתני רמים ומקרני

"And thou wilt hear me (or hear thou me) from among the horns of the unicorns,

Psa 22:22. - L

Instead of על בגדי al begadai , upon my garments, one of my ancient MSS. has לארץ בגדי larets begadai , to the earth: but this word is partly effaced, and על al written in the margin by a later hand.

Calvin: Isa 63:3 - -- 3.Alone have I pressed the wine-press The Prophet now explains the vision, and the reason why the Lord was stained with blood. It is because he will ...

3.Alone have I pressed the wine-press The Prophet now explains the vision, and the reason why the Lord was stained with blood. It is because he will take vengeance on the Edomites and other enemies who treated his people cruelly. It would be absurd to say that these things relate to Christ, because he alone and without human aid redeemed us; for it means that God will punish the Edomites in such a manner that he will have no need of the assistance of men, because he will be sufficiently able to destroy them. The Jews might have objected that the Edomites are powerful, and are not harassed by any wars, but are in a flourishing and tranquil condition. The Prophet shews that this does not prevent the Lord from inflicting punishment on them whenever he shall think proper. Human means were, indeed, employed by him when he took vengeance on the Edomites, but in such a manner that it was made evident to all that it was entirely directed by his hand, and that no part of it could be ascribed to human forces or counsels. They were overwhelmed by sudden and unlooked-for destruction, of which the people ought not to have doubted that God, who had so often warned them of it, was the author.

And of the peoples there was none with me 173 This is added in order to intimate that, although “peoples” will arise out of the earth in order to destroy the nation of Edom, yet the work of God shall be separate from them, because nothing was farther from the design of heathen nations than to inflict punishment on the Edomites for their unjust cruelty. For this reason the Lord wishes his judgment to be known and to be illustriously displayed amidst the din of arms and tempestuous commotions.

For I will tread them I willingly retain the future tense; for the Prophet speaks of events that are future and not yet accomplished; and although the Edomites were living in prosperity and at their ease, yet God would severely punish them on account of their cruelty. Why the Prophet makes use of the metaphor of a bloody wine-press, which is a shocking and melancholy sight, we have already in part explained; but it ought likewise to be added, that the punishments and vengeance which God inflicts on enemies are appropriately called his vintage, as if he gathered them when he ruins or destroys them. In like manner, such punishment is called in another passage (Isa 34:6) a solemn sacrifice; that we may learn that glory ought to be ascribed to God, not less when he executes his judgments than when he exhibits tokens of compassion. 174

And I will stain all my raiment He nevertheless describes his amazing love toward the Jews, in deigning to sprinkle himself with the blood of enemies on their account; and that is the reason why he makes use of the word stain.

In my wrath He shews that this is of itself sufficient for destroying the Edomites, that the Lord is angry with them; as if he had said that there will be none to rescue them, when the Lord shall be pleased to chastise, Hence we may infer that the destruction of men proceeds from nothing else than the wrath of God; as, on the other hand, on his graco alone depends our salvation. In a word, God intended here to testify that the Edomites shall not remain unpunished for having persecuted the Church of God.

TSK: Isa 63:3 - -- trodden : Isa 25:10; Lam 1:15; Mal 4:3; Rev 14:19, Rev 14:20, Rev 19:13-15 and of the people : The very remarkable Isa 63:1 contained in the first six...

trodden : Isa 25:10; Lam 1:15; Mal 4:3; Rev 14:19, Rev 14:20, Rev 19:13-15

and of the people : The very remarkable Isa 63:1 contained in the first six verses of this chapter seems in a manner detached from the rest, and to stand by itself; containing a prophetical representation of the victories of the Messiah over the enemies of his church, here designated by the names of Edom and Bozrah. Though, as Bp. Lowth observes, this prophecy must have its accomplishment, there is no necessity for supposing that it has been already accomplished. There are prophecies which intimate a great slaughter of the enemies of God and his people, which remain to be fulfilledcaps1 . tcaps0 hose in Ezek. 38, and Rev 20:1-15 are called Gog and Magog. This prophecy of Isaiah may possibly refer to the same, or the like event.

and trample : Isa 63:6, Isa 34:2-5; 2Ki 9:33; Eze 38:18-22; Mic 7:10; Zec 10:5

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Isa 63:3 - -- I have trodden the wine-press alone - I, Yahweh, have indeed trod the wine-press of my wrath, and I have done it alone (compare the notes at Is...

I have trodden the wine-press alone - I, Yahweh, have indeed trod the wine-press of my wrath, and I have done it alone (compare the notes at Isa 34:5-6). The idea here is, that he had completely destroyed his foes in Idumea, and had done it by a great slaughter.

For I will tread - Or rather, I trod them. It refers to what he had done; or what was then past.

And their blood shall be sprinkled - Or rather, their blood was sprinkled. The word used here ( נצח nētsach ) does not commonly mean blood; but splendor, glory, purity, truth, perpetuity, eternity. Gesenius derives the word, as used here, from an Arabic word meaning to sprinkle, to scatter; and hence, the juice or liquor of the grape as it is sprinkled or spirted from grapes when trodden. There is no doubt here that it refers to blood - though with the idea of its being spirted out by treading down a foe.

And I will stain all my raiment - I have stained all my raiment - referring to the fact that the slaughter was extensive and entire. On the extent of the slaughter, see the notes at Isa 34:6-7, Isa 34:9-10.

Poole: Isa 63:3 - -- I have trodden the winepress i.e. I have destroyed the enemies of my people, I have crushed them as grapes are crushed; this being a usual metaphor t...

I have trodden the winepress i.e. I have destroyed the enemies of my people, I have crushed them as grapes are crushed; this being a usual metaphor to describe the utter destruction of a people, Psa 44:5 Isa 25:10 Rev 14:19,20 ; and the easiness of doing it, no more than to crush a bunch of grapes.

Alone to note his good-will and great power. The masters of vineyards are not willing to do this drudgery themselves; neither, if they would, could they be able to manage a whole vintage by themselves: but Christ was willing to undertake it, and able to go through it, without calling in the help of any other.

Of the people there was none with me:

1. Not that he excludes the Jews, but the other nations that dwelt about them; therefore he saith

of the people there was none with him but God and his own people may be reckoned as one, Jud 5:23 . And though this be true of his passion, in which sense some would carry it, yet doth it not so well suit with the design; for Christ is described here not as a priest sacrificing, or shedding of his own blood, but as a king, conquering and shedding the blood of his and his church’ s enemies; hence it is said

their blood not his own, to show that it cannot fairly relate to his passion: besides Christ could expect no help in that, for he knew none could; but here he looked, and wondered that there was none, Isa 63:5 . And though it may be said that he makes use of instruments both in his conquering of temporal enemies, and also spiritual, consider,

1. That here he speaks as a general, and therefore the whole victory is ascribed to him alone.

2. They do it not only by commission and authority derived from him, but by strength conveyed to them from him, without which they could do no more than a watch without a spring, or tool without the workman’ s strength and skill: and that Christ may make it appear they are no coadjutors that he needs, he makes them bring about such things as they never designed, as he speaks of the Assyrian; See Poole "Isa 10:6" , See Poole "Isa 10:7" ; and this is to be understood in like manner of Christ’ s conquest over spiritual enemies, 2Co 4:7 . See Act 3:12,13 .

And trample them in my fury: this latter expression is but an aggravating of the former; it implies a kind of insulting, an allusion to conquerors, who were wont to make the conquered to lie down, that others might trample on them, Isa 51:23 .

Shall be sprinkled or, was sprinkled ; as in treading of grapes the juice sparkles upon the clothes: q.d. in his answer, Thus came my garments to be sprinkled.

I will stain it shall not be, or it was not, only sprinkled, but perfectly stained, as it were rolled in blood, Isa 9:5 .

Haydock: Isa 63:3 - -- Press. Christ suffered, (St. Cyril) and punished his enemies, Apocalypse xiv. 19. Judas received God's sword from Jeremias, (2 Machabees xv. 15.) a...

Press. Christ suffered, (St. Cyril) and punished his enemies, Apocalypse xiv. 19. Judas received God's sword from Jeremias, (2 Machabees xv. 15.) and liberated his people.

Gill: Isa 63:3 - -- I have trodden the winepress alone,.... This is an answer to the question before put, and confirms what was observed, that his garments were like one ...

I have trodden the winepress alone,.... This is an answer to the question before put, and confirms what was observed, that his garments were like one that treadeth in the winepress; this was very true, he had trodden it, and trodden it alone, and that was the reason his garments were of such a hue; what others did by their servants, he did by himself, alone and without them. The winepress is a symbol of the wrath of God; not of what Christ bore himself as the sinner's surety, for then he was trodden as a vine, or the clusters of it, himself; but of what he executed on others. Wicked men are compared to clusters of the vine; the winepress into which they are cast is the wrath of God, and Christ is the treader of it; particularly he will be in the latter day, when antichrist and his followers will be destroyed by him; see Rev 14:18.

And of the people there was none with me; either fighting with him, that could oppose him, any more than the clusters of grapes can resist the treaders of them; or to assist him in taking vengeance on his enemies: for though the armies of heaven follow him in white, these are little more than attendants and spectators, at most but instruments; all the power to conquer and destroy is from himself, and owing to the twoedged sword proceeding out of his mouth, Rev 19:14 even as when he stood in the legal place and stead of his people there were none of them with him; he alone was the author of salvation, none could bear the wrath of God but himself, or engage with spiritual enemies, or work out salvation for them. But of this the texts speaks not, only of the destruction of the enemies of Christ and his church:

for I will tread them in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; with great eagerness, with all his might and strength; and this is the reason why his garments were so stained, even with the blood of his enemies, trodden and trampled under foot by him in this furious manner; as a person in a winepress alone, and treading it with all his might, has his garments more sparkled and stained with the juice of the grape, than when there are many, and these tread lightly. The words being in the future tense show that they respect time to come; and the manner of speaking ascertains the accomplishment of them, and which is further confirmed by what follows:

and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment; just as the garments of those that tread in the winepress are sprinkled and stained with the juice of the grape; this will have its accomplishment when he shall appear in a vesture dipped in blood, or shall be as bloody, with the blood of his enemies, as if it was dipped in it, Rev 19:13.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Isa 63:3 Heb “and I stained.” For discussion of the difficult verb form, see HALOT 170 s.v. II גאל. Perhaps the form is mixed, co...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Isa 63:1-19 - --1 Christ shews who he is,2 what his victory over his enemies,7 and what his mercy toward his church.10 In his just wrath he remembers his free mercy.1...

Maclaren: Isa 63:2-3 - --The Winepress And Its Treader Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel, and thy garments like him that treadeth in the winefat? I have trodden the win...

MHCC: Isa 63:1-6 - --The prophet, in vision, beholds the Messiah returning in triumph from the conquest of his enemies, of whom Edom was a type. Travelling, not as wearied...

Matthew Henry: Isa 63:1-6 - -- It is a glorious victory that is here enquired into first and then accounted for. 1. It is a victory obtained by the providence of God over the enem...

Keil-Delitzsch: Isa 63:3-6 - -- The person replies: "I have trodden the wine-trough alone, and of the nations no one was with me: and I trode them in my wrath, and trampled them d...

Constable: Isa 56:1--66:24 - --V. Israel's future transformation chs. 56--66 The last major section of Isaiah deals with the necessity of livin...

Constable: Isa 63:1--66:24 - --C. Recognition of divine ability chs. 63-66 The third and final subdivision of this last part of the boo...

Constable: Isa 63:1--65:17 - --1. God's faithfulness in spite of Israel's unfaithfulness 63:1-65:16 Isaiah proceeded to glorify...

Constable: Isa 63:1-6 - --The solitary Warrior 63:1-6 "Having described the exaltation of Zion and her enlargement through the influx of the Gentiles, the prophet turns to desc...

Guzik: Isa 63:1-19 - --Isaiah 63 - Prayer from Captivity A. The day of vengeance. 1. (1) A question and an answer: "Who is this?" Who is this who comes from Ed...

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Introduction / Outline

JFB: Isaiah (Book Introduction) ISAIAH, son of Amoz (not Amos); contemporary of Jonah, Amos, Hosea, in Israel, but younger than they; and of Micah, in Judah. His call to a higher deg...

JFB: Isaiah (Outline) PARABLE OF JEHOVAH'S VINEYARD. (Isa. 5:1-30) SIX DISTINCT WOES AGAINST CRIMES. (Isa. 5:8-23) (Lev 25:13; Mic 2:2). The jubilee restoration of posses...

TSK: Isaiah (Book Introduction) Isaiah has, with singular propriety, been denominated the Evangelical Prophet, on account of the number and variety of his prophecies concerning the a...

TSK: Isaiah 63 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Isa 63:1, Christ shews who he is, Isa 63:2, what his victory over his enemies, Isa 63:7, and what his mercy toward his church; Isa 63:10,...

Poole: Isaiah (Book Introduction) THE ARGUMENT THE teachers of the ancient church were of two sorts: 1. Ordinary, the priests and Levites. 2. Extraordinary, the prophets. These we...

Poole: Isaiah 63 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 63 Christ’ s victory over his enemies, Isa 63:1-6 , and mercy towards his church; in judgment remembering mercy, Isa 63:7-14 . The chu...

MHCC: Isaiah (Book Introduction) Isaiah prophesied in the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. He has been well called the evangelical prophet, on account of his numerous and...

MHCC: Isaiah 63 (Chapter Introduction) (Isa 63:1-6) Christ's victory over his enemies. (Isa 63:7-14) His mercy toward his church. (Isa 63:15-19) The prayer of the church.

Matthew Henry: Isaiah (Book Introduction) An Exposition, With Practical Observations, of The Book of the Prophet Isaiah Prophet is a title that sounds very great to those that understand it, t...

Matthew Henry: Isaiah 63 (Chapter Introduction) In this chapter we have, I. God coming towards his people in ways of mercy and deliverance, and this is to be joined to the close of the foregoing...

Constable: Isaiah (Book Introduction) Introduction Title and writer The title of this book of the Bible, as is true of the o...

Constable: Isaiah (Outline) Outline I. Introduction chs. 1-5 A. Israel's condition and God's solution ch. 1 ...

Constable: Isaiah Isaiah Bibliography Alexander, Joseph Addison. Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah. 1846, 1847. Revised ed. ...

Haydock: Isaiah (Book Introduction) THE PROPHECY OF ISAIAS. INTRODUCTION. This inspired writer is called by the Holy Ghost, (Ecclesiasticus xlviii. 25.) the great prophet; from t...

Gill: Isaiah (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO ISAIAH This book is called, in the New Testament, sometimes "the Book of the Words of the Prophet Esaias", Luk 3:4 sometimes only t...

Gill: Isaiah 63 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO ISAIAH 63 This chapter contains a prophecy of the vengeance of Christ upon the enemies of his church in the latter day, whereby com...

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