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Text -- Jeremiah 31:18-40 (NET)

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31:18 I have indeed heard the people of Israel say mournfully, ‘We were like a calf untrained to the yoke. You disciplined us and we learned from it. Let us come back to you and we will do so, for you are the Lord our God. 31:19 For after we turned away from you we repented. After we came to our senses we beat our breasts in sorrow. We are ashamed and humiliated because of the disgraceful things we did previously.’ 31:20 Indeed, the people of Israel are my dear children. They are the children I take delight in. For even though I must often rebuke them, I still remember them with fondness. So I am deeply moved with pity for them and will surely have compassion on them. I, the Lord, affirm it! 31:21 I will say, ‘My dear children of Israel, keep in mind the road you took when you were carried off. Mark off in your minds the landmarks. Make a mental note of telltale signs marking the way back. Return, my dear children of Israel. Return to these cities of yours. 31:22 How long will you vacillate, you who were once like an unfaithful daughter? For I, the Lord, promise to bring about something new on the earth, something as unique as a woman protecting a man!’”
Judah Will Be Restored
31:23 The Lord God of Israel who rules over all says, “I will restore the people of Judah to their land and to their towns. When I do, they will again say of Jerusalem, ‘May the Lord bless you, you holy mountain, the place where righteousness dwells.’ 31:24 The land of Judah will be inhabited by people who live in its towns as well as by farmers and shepherds with their flocks. 31:25 I will fully satisfy the needs of those who are weary and fully refresh the souls of those who are faint. 31:26 Then they will say, ‘Under these conditions I can enjoy sweet sleep when I wake up and look around.’”
Israel and Judah Will Be Repopulated
31:27 “Indeed, a time is coming,” says the Lord, “when I will cause people and animals to sprout up in the lands of Israel and Judah. 31:28 In the past I saw to it that they were uprooted and torn down, that they were destroyed and demolished. But now I will see to it that they are built up and firmly planted. I, the Lord, affirm it!”
The Lord Will Make a New Covenant with Israel and Judah
31:29 “When that time comes, people will no longer say, ‘The parents have eaten sour grapes, but the children’s teeth have grown numb.’ 31:30 Rather, each person will die for his own sins. The teeth of the person who eats the sour grapes will themselves grow numb. 31:31 “Indeed, a time is coming,” says the Lord, “when I will make a new covenant with the people of Israel and Judah. 31:32 It will not be like the old covenant that I made with their ancestors when I delivered them from Egypt. For they violated that covenant, even though I was like a faithful husband to them,” says the Lord. 31:33 “But I will make a new covenant with the whole nation of Israel after I plant them back in the land,” says the Lord. “I will put my law within them and write it on their hearts and minds. I will be their God and they will be my people. 31:34 “People will no longer need to teach their neighbors and relatives to know me. For all of them, from the least important to the most important, will know me,” says the Lord. “For I will forgive their sin and will no longer call to mind the wrong they have done.”
The Lord Guarantees Israel’s Continuance
31:35 The Lord has made a promise to Israel. He promises it as the one who fixed the sun to give light by day and the moon and stars to give light by night. He promises it as the one who stirs up the sea so that its waves roll. He promises it as the one who is known as the Lord who rules over all. 31:36 The Lord affirms, “The descendants of Israel will not cease forever to be a nation in my sight. That could only happen if the fixed ordering of the heavenly lights were to cease to operate before me.” 31:37 The Lord says, “I will not reject all the descendants of Israel because of all that they have done. That could only happen if the heavens above could be measured or the foundations of the earth below could all be explored,” says the Lord.
Jerusalem Will Be Enlarged
31:38 “Indeed a time is coming,” says the Lord, “when the city of Jerusalem will be rebuilt as my special city. It will be built from the Tower of Hananel westward to the Corner Gate. 31:39 The boundary line will extend beyond that, straight west from there to the Hill of Gareb and then turn southward to Goah. 31:40 The whole valley where dead bodies and sacrificial ashes are thrown and all the terraced fields out to the Kidron Valley on the east as far north as the Horse Gate will be included within this city that is sacred to the Lord. The city will never again be torn down or destroyed.”
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Corner Gate a named gate of Jerusalem
 · Egypt descendants of Mizraim
 · Ephraim the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel
 · Gareb an Ithrite man who was one of David's military elite,a hill near Jerusalem
 · Goah a place at Jerusalem
 · Hananel a tower on the wall of Jerusalem
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall
 · Kidron a brook and its valley,a brook and valley between Jerusalem and the Mt. of Olives


Dictionary Themes and Topics: JEREMIAH (2) | Ephraim | SALVATION | EZEKIEL, 1 | God | Regeneration | Covenant | Sin | Jerusalem | ZECHARIAH, BOOK OF | PHILOSOPHY | COVENANT, THE NEW | LORDS SUPPER | Astronomy | PROMISE | COMMANDMENT, THE NEW | Prophecy | Quotations and Allusions | Gospel | BIBLE, THE, V INSPIRATION | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Jer 31:18 There is a wordplay on several different nuances of the same Hebrew verb in vv. 16-19. The Hebrew verb shub refers both to their turning away from God...

NET Notes: Jer 31:19 The expression the disgraceful things we did in our earlier history refers to the disgrace that accompanied the sins that Israel did in her earlier ye...

NET Notes: Jer 31:20 Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

NET Notes: Jer 31:21 Heb “Set your mind to the highway, the way which you went.” The phrase “the way you went” has been translated “the road ...

NET Notes: Jer 31:22 The meaning of this last line is uncertain. The translation has taken it as proverbial for something new and unique. For a fairly complete discussion ...

NET Notes: Jer 31:23 The blessing pronounced on the city of Zion/Jerusalem by the restored exiles looks at the restoration of its once exalted state as the city known for ...

NET Notes: Jer 31:24 The translation “those who move about with their flocks” is based on an emendation of the Hebrew text which reads a third plural Qal perfe...

NET Notes: Jer 31:25 For the concept here compare Jer 31:12 where the promise was applied to northern Israel. This represents the reversal of the conditions that would cha...

NET Notes: Jer 31:26 Or “When I, Jeremiah, heard this, I woke up and looked around. My sleep had been very pleasant.” The text is somewhat enigmatic. It has of...

NET Notes: Jer 31:27 The metaphor used here presupposes that drawn in Hos 2:23 (2:25 HT) which is in turn based on the wordplay with Jezreel (meaning “God sows”...

NET Notes: Jer 31:28 Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

NET Notes: Jer 31:29 This is a proverbial statement that is also found in Ezek 18:2. It served to articulate the complaint that the present generation was suffering for th...

NET Notes: Jer 31:30 The Lord answers their charge by stating that each person is responsible for his own sin and will himself bear the consequences. Ezek 18 has a more ex...

NET Notes: Jer 31:31 Heb “the house of Israel and the house of Judah.”

NET Notes: Jer 31:32 Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

NET Notes: Jer 31:33 Compare Jer 24:7; 30:22; 31:1 and see the study note on 30:2.

NET Notes: Jer 31:34 The Hebrew particle כִּי (ki) that introduces this clause refers to more than just the preceding clause (i.e., that all will k...

NET Notes: Jer 31:35 Heb “Yahweh of armies.” See the study note on 2:19 for this title. In the Hebrew text the verse reads: “Thus says the Lord who provi...

NET Notes: Jer 31:36 Heb “‘If these fixed orderings were to fail to be present before me,’ oracle of the Lord, ‘then the seed of Israel could cease...

NET Notes: Jer 31:37 Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

NET Notes: Jer 31:38 The Tower of Hananel is referred to in Neh 3:1; 12:39; Zech 14:10. According to the directions given in Neh 3 it was in the northern wall, perhaps in ...

NET Notes: Jer 31:39 The location of the Hill of Gareb and the place called Goah are not precisely known. However, it has been plausibly suggested from the other localitie...

NET Notes: Jer 31:40 The area that is here delimited is larger than any of the known boundaries of Jerusalem during the OT period. Again, this refers to the increase in po...

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