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Text -- Jeremiah 49:3 (NET)

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Context
49:3 Wail, you people in Heshbon, because Ai in Ammon is destroyed. Cry out in anguish, you people in the villages surrounding Rabbah. Put on sackcloth and cry out in mourning. Run about covered with gashes. For your god Milcom will go into exile along with his priests and officials.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Ai a town of Canaanites in Benjamin
 · Heshbon a town of south-eastern Judah
 · Milcom a pagan god, the national deity of the Ammonites (IBD)
 · Rabbah a town; the capital of the nation of Ammon. It is now called Amman, the capital of Jordan.,a town in the hill country of Judah


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Sackcloth | Rabbah | PALESTINE, 3 | OBADIAH, BOOK OF | MOLECH; MOLOCH | MOLECH | MALCAM | Jehoiakim | Heshbon | Hedge | FENCE | Ammonites | Ammonite | Ai | Afflictions and Adversities | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Calvin , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Wesley: Jer 49:3 - -- A city of the Ammonites, not the same mentioned, Jos 7:2, for that was on the other side Jordan.

A city of the Ammonites, not the same mentioned, Jos 7:2, for that was on the other side Jordan.

Wesley: Jer 49:3 - -- Where they might be hidden, and not so easily seen.

Where they might be hidden, and not so easily seen.

JFB: Jer 49:3 - -- Nebuchadnezzar, coming from the north, first attacked Ammon, then its brother and neighbor, Moab. As Ai of Ammon had already suffered destruction, Hes...

Nebuchadnezzar, coming from the north, first attacked Ammon, then its brother and neighbor, Moab. As Ai of Ammon had already suffered destruction, Heshbon of Moab being near it might well fear the same fate.

JFB: Jer 49:3 - -- Their cities being destroyed, the outcasts have no place of shelter save behind the "hedges" of vineyards and gardens; or else the enclosures of their...

Their cities being destroyed, the outcasts have no place of shelter save behind the "hedges" of vineyards and gardens; or else the enclosures of their villages.

JFB: Jer 49:3 - -- Melchom, the idol, as the mention of "his priests" shows (compare Jer 48:7).

Melchom, the idol, as the mention of "his priests" shows (compare Jer 48:7).

Clarke: Jer 49:3 - -- Run to and fro by the hedges - It is supposed that this may refer to the women making lamentations for the dead, that were in general buried by the ...

Run to and fro by the hedges - It is supposed that this may refer to the women making lamentations for the dead, that were in general buried by the walls of their gardens; but others think that it refers to the smaller cities or villages, called here the daughters of Rabbah, the metropolis; the inhabitants of which are exhorted to seek safety somewhere else, as none can be expected from them, now that the enemy is at hand.

Calvin: Jer 49:3 - -- The Prophet now triumphs, as it were, over the land of Ammon, and, according to his accustomed manner, as we have before seen; for had the prophets s...

The Prophet now triumphs, as it were, over the land of Ammon, and, according to his accustomed manner, as we have before seen; for had the prophets spoken without metaphors, and simply narrated the things treated of by them, their words would have been frigid and inefficient, and would not have penetrated into the hearts of men. This, then, is the reason why the prophets adopted an elevated style, and adorned with grandeur their prophecies; for they never, like rhetoricians, affected eloquence, but necessity so urged them, that they represented to the eyes those things which they could not otherwise form a conception of in their minds. On this subject we have spoken often already; but I am again constrained briefly to touch on it, because those who are not well acquainted with Scripture, and do not understand the design of the Holy Spirit, may think that words only are here poured forth. But when we duly weigh what I have said, then we shall readily acknowledge that the Prophet did not, without reason, enlarge on what he had previously said.

Howl, thou Heshbon, he says, for Ai is laid waste These were two neighboring cities: hence he exhorts Heshbon to howl on seeing the overthrow of another city. He then adds, Cry, or cry aloud, ye daughters of Rabbah He again repeats what he had before touched upon as to the city Rabbah. Gird yourselves, he says, with sackcloth, or put on sackcloth. He does not here exhort the citizens of Rabbah to repentance, but he speaks according to the customs of the people, as it has been stated elsewhere. Sackcloth was, indeed, a symbol of penitence; when the miserable wished humbly to flee to God’s mercy, and to confess their sins, they put on sackcloth. But the unbelieving imitated the faithful without discretion or judgment. Hence it was, that they scattered ashes on their heads, that without any reason they put on sackcloth. What was then commonly done is now mentioned by Jeremiah; Put on sackcloth, he says, lament and run here and there by the fences

He afterwards adds in the third person, for gone is their king into captivity. He expressed this, that the Israelites might know, that though that kingdom flourished for a time, yet the day of which the Prophet had spoken would come, when the condition of the Ammonites would be nothing better than that of the Israelites; whose king, as it was known, had been driven into exile, together with the priests and princes. The Prophet now denounces the same punishment on the Ammonites, that not only their king would be driven into another land, as a captive, but also their princes and their priests. It follows —

TSK: Jer 49:3 - -- Howl : Jer 48:20, Jer 51:8; Isa 13:6, Isa 14:31, Isa 15:2, Isa 16:7, Isa 23:1, Isa 23:6; Jam 5:1 gird : Jer 4:8, Jer 6:26, Jer 48:37; Isa 32:11, Isa 3...

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Jer 49:3 - -- Ai - Not the town on the west of the Jordan Jos 7:2; a place not mentioned elsewhere. For Ai some read Ar. Hedges - Fields were not divid...

Ai - Not the town on the west of the Jordan Jos 7:2; a place not mentioned elsewhere. For Ai some read Ar.

Hedges - Fields were not divided by hedges until recent times; the term probably means the walls which enclose the vineyards Num 22:24.

Poole: Jer 49:3 - -- Heshbon was formerly a city of the Amorites, of whom Sihon was king, who resided here (but it appears by Jer 49:26 that it was taken from Moab); it ...

Heshbon was formerly a city of the Amorites, of whom Sihon was king, who resided here (but it appears by Jer 49:26 that it was taken from Moab); it is probable that it was at this time a city of Moab: the prophet calls to them to howl

for Ai a city of the Ammonites, not the same mentioned Jos 7:2 , for that was on the other side of Jordan. It is uncertain whether by the

daughters of Rabbah be to be understood other lesser cities, or the younger women that inhabited Rabbah: he calls to them all to mourn; and for all the indications or signs of mourning, such as girding with sackcloth, running up and down, like persons distracted, by the hedges, where they might be hidden, and not so easily seen. For they shall all go together into captivity; their Melcom , which may signify their idol to whom they gave that name, or their

king or else their supreme magistrate, with their

priests and nobles , all orders of persons.

Haydock: Jer 49:3 - -- Hai, or Je-abarim. Both these cities pertained also to Moab. --- Hedges. Hebrew Gederoth, may be the city Gadara. --- Melchom, or Moloc, who ...

Hai, or Je-abarim. Both these cities pertained also to Moab. ---

Hedges. Hebrew Gederoth, may be the city Gadara. ---

Melchom, or Moloc, who claimed dominion over this people. If they had used their reason, they must have seen that he was no god, since the Lord disposed of him as he pleased so long before.

Gill: Jer 49:3 - -- Howl, O Heshbon,.... Which was a city of Moab, though it formerly belonged to the Amorites; see Jer 48:2; it was upon the border of Ammon, and near to...

Howl, O Heshbon,.... Which was a city of Moab, though it formerly belonged to the Amorites; see Jer 48:2; it was upon the border of Ammon, and near to Ai, now destroyed; and therefore is called upon to howl and lament, because its destruction also was near at hand, and might be expected; hence Kimchi gathers, that the Ammonites were destroyed before the Moabites: but some have thought that Heshbon was a double city, divided by a river, which ran through it; and that that city which was on one side of the river belonged to Moab, and that on the other side to Ammon:

for Ai is spoiled; not that which was near Jericho in the land of Canaan, but a city in the land of Ammon, thought to be the Gaia of Ptolemy; this seems to be the first city in the country of Ammon that Nebuchadnezzar would lay waste:

cry, ye daughters of Rabbah; the royal city before mentioned; See Gill on Jer 49:2; either the inhabitants of it, particularly the women, especially the younger women, who would be in the utmost distress on hearing the enemy was so near them, and what had befallen Ai; or the villages about Rabbah, as Kimchi interprets it; that is, as the Targum,

"the inhabitants of the villages of Rabbah:''

gird ye with sackcloth; as a token of calamity and mourning for it, as was usual:

lament, and run to and fro by the hedges; which Jarchi, Kimchi, and Ben Melech, understand of the enclosures or fences of villages, like those of gardens, fields, and folds, in distinction from walls of cities, and fortified places; but rather it signifies the hedges in the fields, whither, being drove from their habitations, they would seek unto for shelter, and run about among them for safety, lamenting their unhappy case:

for their king shall go into captivity; be taken and carried captive; either their principal governor; or rather Milcom their god, since it follows:

and his priests and his princes together; both such as offered sacrifices to him, and attended on and supported his worship: the same is said of Chemosh, the god of the Moabites, Jer 48:7.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Jer 49:3 Compare Jer 48:7 and the study note there.

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Jer 49:1-39 - --1 The judgment of the Ammonites.6 Their restoration.7 The judgment of Edom;23 of Damascus;28 of Kedar;30 of Hazor;34 and of Elam.39 The restoration of...

MHCC: Jer 49:1-6 - --Might often prevails against right among men, yet that might shall be controlled by the Almighty, who judges aright; and those will find themselves mi...

Matthew Henry: Jer 49:1-6 - -- The Ammonites were next, both in kindred and neighbourhood, to the Moabites, and therefore are next set to the bar. Their country joined to that of ...

Keil-Delitzsch: Jer 49:1-6 - -- "Concerning the children of Ammon, thus saith Jahveh: Hath Israel no sons, or hath he no heir? Why doth their king inherit Gad, and his people dwel...

Constable: Jer 46:1--51:64 - --III. Prophecies about the nations chs. 46--51 In Jeremiah, prophecies concerning foreign nations come at the end...

Constable: Jer 49:1-6 - --D. The oracle against Ammon 49:1-6 The Ammonites lived north of the Moabites, north of the Arnon River for most of their history, and east of the trib...

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Introduction / Outline

JFB: Jeremiah (Book Introduction) JEREMIAH, son of Hilkiah, one of the ordinary priests, dwelling in Anathoth of Benjamin (Jer 1:1), not the Hilkiah the high priest who discovered the ...

JFB: Jeremiah (Outline) EXPOSTULATION WITH THE JEWS, REMINDING THEM OF THEIR FORMER DEVOTEDNESS, AND GOD'S CONSEQUENT FAVOR, AND A DENUNCIATION OF GOD'S COMING JUDGMENTS FOR...

TSK: Jeremiah 49 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Jer 49:1, The judgment of the Ammonites; Jer 49:6, Their restoration; Jer 49:7, The judgment of Edom; Jer 49:23, of Damascus; Jer 49:28, ...

Poole: Jeremiah (Book Introduction) BOOK OF THE PROPHET JEREMIAH THE ARGUMENT IT was the great unhappiness of this prophet to be a physician to, but that could not save, a dying sta...

Poole: Jeremiah 49 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 49 The judgment of the Ammonites, Jer 49:1-5 : their restoration, Jer 49:6 . The judgment of Edom, Jer 49:7-22 ; of Damascus, Jer 49:23-27 ...

MHCC: Jeremiah (Book Introduction) Jeremiah was a priest, a native of Anathoth, in the tribe of Benjamin. He was called to the prophetic office when very young, about seventy years afte...

MHCC: Jeremiah 49 (Chapter Introduction) (Jer 49:1-6) Prophecies relative to the Ammonites. (v. 7-22) The Edomites. (Jer 49:23-27) The Syrians. (Jer 49:28-33) The Kedarenes. (Jer 49:34-39...

Matthew Henry: Jeremiah (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah The Prophecies of the Old Testament, as the Epistles of the New, are p...

Matthew Henry: Jeremiah 49 (Chapter Introduction) The cup of trembling still goes round, and the nations must all drink of it, according to the instructions given to Jeremiah, Jer 25:15. This chapt...

Constable: Jeremiah (Book Introduction) Introduction Title The title of this book derives from its writer, the late seventh an...

Constable: Jeremiah (Outline) Outline I. Introduction ch. 1 A. The introduction of Jeremiah 1:1-3 B. T...

Constable: Jeremiah Jeremiah Bibliography Aharoni, Yohanan, and Michael Avi-Yonah. The Macmillan Bible Atlas. Revised ed. London: C...

Haydock: Jeremiah (Book Introduction) THE PROPHECY OF JEREMIAS. INTRODUCTION. Jeremias was a priest, a native of Anathoth, a priestly city, in the tribe of Benjamin, and was sanct...

Gill: Jeremiah (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO JEREMIAH The title of the book in the Vulgate Latin version is, "the Prophecy of Jeremiah"; in the Syriac and Arabic versions, "the...

Gill: Jeremiah 49 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO JEREMIAH 49 This chapter contains prophecies concerning the judgments of God on several nations and kingdoms, chiefly bordering on ...

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