
Text -- Job 12:17-25 (NET)




Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics



collapse allCommentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)
Wesley: Job 12:17 - -- The wise counsellors or statesmen, by whom the affairs of kings and kingdoms are ordered, he leadeth away as captives in triumph, being spoiled either...
The wise counsellors or statesmen, by whom the affairs of kings and kingdoms are ordered, he leadeth away as captives in triumph, being spoiled either of that wisdom which they had, or seemed to have; or of that power and dignity which they had enjoyed.

Wesley: Job 12:17 - -- By discovering their folly, and by infatuating their minds, and turning their own counsels to their ruin.
By discovering their folly, and by infatuating their minds, and turning their own counsels to their ruin.

Wesley: Job 12:18 - -- He freeth them from that wherewith they bind their subjects to obedience, their power and authority, and that majesty which God stamps upon kings, to ...
He freeth them from that wherewith they bind their subjects to obedience, their power and authority, and that majesty which God stamps upon kings, to keep their people in awe.

Wesley: Job 12:18 - -- He reduces them to a mean and servile condition; which is thus expressed, because servants did use to gird up their garments (that after the manner of...
He reduces them to a mean and servile condition; which is thus expressed, because servants did use to gird up their garments (that after the manner of those parts were loose and long) that they might be fitter for attendance upon their masters: he not only deposes them from their thrones, but brings them into slavery.

Wesley: Job 12:20 - -- By taking away or restraining the gift of utterance from them. Or, by taking away their understanding which should direct their speech.
By taking away or restraining the gift of utterance from them. Or, by taking away their understanding which should direct their speech.

Wesley: Job 12:20 - -- Of those wise and experienced counsellors, that were trusted by the greatest princes.
Of those wise and experienced counsellors, that were trusted by the greatest princes.

Wesley: Job 12:22 - -- The most secret counsels of princes, which are contrived and carried on in the dark.
The most secret counsels of princes, which are contrived and carried on in the dark.

Wesley: Job 12:23 - -- What hitherto he said of princes, he now applies to nations, whom God does either increase or diminish as he pleases.
What hitherto he said of princes, he now applies to nations, whom God does either increase or diminish as he pleases.

Wesley: Job 12:25 - -- Thus are the revolutions of kingdoms brought about by an overruling providence. Heaven and earth are shaken: but the Lord remaineth a king forever.
Thus are the revolutions of kingdoms brought about by an overruling providence. Heaven and earth are shaken: but the Lord remaineth a king forever.
JFB: Job 12:18 - -- He looseth the authority of kings--the "bond" with which they bind their subjects (Isa 45:1; Gen 14:4; Dan 2:21).

JFB: Job 12:18 - -- The cord, with which they are bound as captives, instead of the royal "girdle" they once wore (Isa 22:21), and the bond they once bound others with. S...

JFB: Job 12:19 - -- Rather, "priests," as the Hebrew is rendered (Psa 99:6). Even the sacred ministers of religion are not exempt from reverses and captivity.
Rather, "priests," as the Hebrew is rendered (Psa 99:6). Even the sacred ministers of religion are not exempt from reverses and captivity.

JFB: Job 12:19 - -- Rather, "the firm-rooted in power"; the Arabic root expresses ever-flowing water [UMBREIT].
Rather, "the firm-rooted in power"; the Arabic root expresses ever-flowing water [UMBREIT].

JFB: Job 12:20 - -- Rather, "those secure in their eloquence"; for example, the speakers in the gate (Isa 3:3) [BEZA].
Rather, "those secure in their eloquence"; for example, the speakers in the gate (Isa 3:3) [BEZA].

JFB: Job 12:20 - -- Literally, "taste," that is, insight or spiritual discernment, which experience gives the aged. The same Hebrew word is applied to Daniel's wisdom in ...
Literally, "taste," that is, insight or spiritual discernment, which experience gives the aged. The same Hebrew word is applied to Daniel's wisdom in interpretation (Dan 2:14).

JFB: Job 12:21 - -- Psa 107:40 quotes, in its first clause, this verse and, in its second, Job 12:24.
Psa 107:40 quotes, in its first clause, this verse and, in its second, Job 12:24.

JFB: Job 12:21 - -- Literally, "looseth the girdle"; Orientals wear flowing garments; when active strength is to be put forth, they gird up their garments with a girdle. ...
Literally, "looseth the girdle"; Orientals wear flowing garments; when active strength is to be put forth, they gird up their garments with a girdle. Hence here--"He destroyeth their power" in the eyes of the people.

JFB: Job 12:23 - -- Isa 9:3; Psa 107:38-39, which Psalm quotes this chapter elsewhere. (See on Job 12:21).
Isa 9:3; Psa 107:38-39, which Psalm quotes this chapter elsewhere. (See on Job 12:21).

Literally, "leadeth in," that is, "reduces."

JFB: Job 12:24 - -- Figurative; not referring to any actual fact. This cannot be quoted to prove Job lived after Israel's wanderings in the desert. Psa 107:4, Psa 107:40 ...
Figurative; not referring to any actual fact. This cannot be quoted to prove Job lived after Israel's wanderings in the desert. Psa 107:4, Psa 107:40 quotes this passage.
Clarke: Job 12:17 - -- He leadeth counsellors away spoiled - The events of war are also in his hand. It is he who gives victory; through him even the counsellors - the gre...
He leadeth counsellors away spoiled - The events of war are also in his hand. It is he who gives victory; through him even the counsellors - the great men and chief men, are often led into captivity, and found among the spoils

Clarke: Job 12:17 - -- And maketh the judges fools - He infatuates the judges. Does this refer to the foolish conduct of some of the Israelitish judges, such as Samson?
And maketh the judges fools - He infatuates the judges. Does this refer to the foolish conduct of some of the Israelitish judges, such as Samson?

Clarke: Job 12:18 - -- He looseth the bond of kings - He takes away their splendid robes, and clothes them with sackcloth; or, he dissolves their authority, permits their ...
He looseth the bond of kings - He takes away their splendid robes, and clothes them with sackcloth; or, he dissolves their authority, permits their subjects to rebel and overthrow the state, to bind them as captives, and despoil them of all power, authority, and liberty. Many proofs of this occur in the Israelitish history and in the history of the principal nations of the earth, and not a few in the history of Britain.

Clarke: Job 12:19 - -- He leadeth princes away spoiled, and overthroweth the mighty - What multitudes of proofs of this does the history of the world present! Even the lat...
He leadeth princes away spoiled, and overthroweth the mighty - What multitudes of proofs of this does the history of the world present! Even the late disastrous war with the French republic and empire, which began in 1793, and continued without intermission till 1814, was afterwards renewed, and had a catastrophe that went nearly to ruin Europe. How many princes, or rather priests,

Clarke: Job 12:20 - -- He removeth away the speech of the trusty - The faithful counsellor and the eloquent orator avail nothing: Quos Deus vult perdere, prius dementat ;...
He removeth away the speech of the trusty - The faithful counsellor and the eloquent orator avail nothing: Quos Deus vult perdere, prius dementat ; "God infatuates those whom he is determined to destroy."The writer might have had his eyes on Isa 3:1-3, which the reader will do well to consult

Clarke: Job 12:20 - -- The understanding of the aged - זקנים zekenim signifies the same here as our word elders or elder-men; which includes in itself the two idea...
The understanding of the aged -

Clarke: Job 12:21 - -- He poureth contempt upon princes - נדיבים nedibim , "those of royal extraction;"widely different from the כהנים cohanim mentioned Job...
He poureth contempt upon princes -

Clarke: Job 12:21 - -- Weakeneth the strength of the mighty - אפיקים aphikim , the compact; the well-strung together; the nervous and sinewy. Perhaps there is a ref...
Weakeneth the strength of the mighty -

Clarke: Job 12:22 - -- He discovereth deep things out of darkness - This may refer either to God’ s works in the great deep, or to the plots and stratagems of wicked ...
He discovereth deep things out of darkness - This may refer either to God’ s works in the great deep, or to the plots and stratagems of wicked men, conspiracies that were deeply laid, well digested, and about to be produced into existence, when death, whose shadow had hitherto concealed them, is to glut himself with carnage.

Clarke: Job 12:23 - -- He increaseth the nations - Mr. Good translates, He letteth the nations grow licentious. Pride, fullness of bread, with extensive trade and commerce...
He increaseth the nations - Mr. Good translates, He letteth the nations grow licentious. Pride, fullness of bread, with extensive trade and commerce, produce luxury; and this is ever accompanied with profligacy of manners. When, then, the cup of this iniquity is full, God destroys the nation, by bringing or permitting to come against it a nation less pampered, more necessitous, and inured to toil

Clarke: Job 12:23 - -- He enlargeth the nations - Often permits a nation to acquire an accession of territory, and afterwards shuts them up within their ancient boundaries...
He enlargeth the nations - Often permits a nation to acquire an accession of territory, and afterwards shuts them up within their ancient boundaries, and often contracts even those. All these things seem to occur as natural events, and the consequences of state intrigues, and such like causes; but when Divine inspiration comes to pronounce upon them, they are shown to be the consequence of God’ s acting in his judgment and mercy; for it is by him that kings reign; it is he who putteth down one and raiseth up another.

Clarke: Job 12:24 - -- He taketh away the heart of the chief - Suddenly deprives the leaders of great counsels, or mighty armies of courage; so that, panic-struck, they fl...
He taketh away the heart of the chief - Suddenly deprives the leaders of great counsels, or mighty armies of courage; so that, panic-struck, they flee when none pursueth, or are confounded when about to enter on the accomplishment of important designs

Clarke: Job 12:24 - -- And causeth them to wander in a wilderness - A plain allusion to the journeyings of the Israelites in the deserts of Arabia, on their way to the pro...
And causeth them to wander in a wilderness - A plain allusion to the journeyings of the Israelites in the deserts of Arabia, on their way to the promised land. Their chief, Aaron, had his courage all taken away by the clamors of the people; and so made them a molten calf to be the object of their worship, which defection from God was the cause of their wandering nearly forty years in the trackless wilderness. The reference is so marked, that it scarcely admits of a doubt; yet Houbigant and some others have called it in question, and suppose that those chiefs or heads of families which led out colonies into distant parts are principally intended. It answers too well to the case of the Israelites in the wilderness to admit of any other interpretation.

Clarke: Job 12:25 - -- They grope in the dark - The writer seems to have had his eye on those words of Moses, Deu 28:28, Deu 28:29 : The Lord shall smite thee with madness...
They grope in the dark - The writer seems to have had his eye on those words of Moses, Deu 28:28, Deu 28:29 : The Lord shall smite thee with madness, and blindness, and astonishment of heart; and thou shalt Grope At Noonday, as the Blind Gropeth In Darkness. And this also may refer to the unaccountable errors, transgressions, and judicial blindness of the Israelites in their journeying to the promised land: but it will apply also to the state of wicked nations under judicial blindness. The writer is principally indebted for his imagery, and indeed for the chief expressions used here, to Psa 107:27 : They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man. Psa 107:39, Psa 107:40 : Again, they are minished and brought low through oppression, affliction, and sorrow. He Poureth Contempt Upon Princes, and Causeth Them To Wonder In The Wilderness, where there is No Way. Mr. Good has some judicious reflections on this chapter, particularly on Job 12:13-22 : "It should be observed,"says he, "that the entire passage has a reference to the machinery of a regular and political government; and that its general drift is to imprint on the mind of the hearer the important doctrine that the whole of the constituent principles of such a government, its officers and institutions; its monarchs and princes; its privy-counselors, judges, and ministers of state; its chieftains, public orators, and assembly of elders; its nobles, or men of hereditary rank; and its stout robust peasantry, as we should express it in the present day; nay, the deep designing villains that plot in secret its destruction; - that the nations themselves, and the heads or sovereigns of the nations, are all and equally in the hands of the Almighty: that with him human pomp is poverty; human excellence, turpitude; human judgment, error; human wisdom, folly; human dignity, contempt; human strength, weakness."
Defender: Job 12:20 - -- This possibly refers to the confusion of tongues at Babel. The previous verse (Job 12:19) had said God "overthroweth the mighty," possibly referring t...
This possibly refers to the confusion of tongues at Babel. The previous verse (Job 12:19) had said God "overthroweth the mighty," possibly referring to Nimrod, the "mighty hunter before the Lord" (Gen 10:9), whose rebellion against God had led God to confuse the languages and disperse the nations from Babel."

Defender: Job 12:23 - -- This verse may refer to the Table of Nations (Genesis 10), when suddenly the one nation at Babel was changed into about seventy nations.
This verse may refer to the Table of Nations (Genesis 10), when suddenly the one nation at Babel was changed into about seventy nations.

Defender: Job 12:24 - -- Except for the fertile plains of Shinar and the Nile Valley, the world after the Flood was largely an uncharted wilderness. It was into this that God ...
Except for the fertile plains of Shinar and the Nile Valley, the world after the Flood was largely an uncharted wilderness. It was into this that God scattered the rebelling tribes at Babel."

Defender: Job 12:25 - -- Many of the scattering tribes had to live in caves for a time. These may well have been the so-called "cave-men," exploited by the evolutionists as pr...
Many of the scattering tribes had to live in caves for a time. These may well have been the so-called "cave-men," exploited by the evolutionists as primitive ape-men, in spite of the fact that their remains and artifacts are fully human."


TSK: Job 12:19 - -- Jos 10:24, Jos 10:42; 1Sa 17:45, 1Sa 17:46; Isa 37:36-38, Isa 45:1; Rev 17:14, Rev 19:19-21

TSK: Job 12:20 - -- the speech of the trusty : Heb. the lip of the faithful, Pro 10:21, Pro 12:19, Pro 12:22
taketh : Job 12:24, Job 17:4, Job 32:9, Job 39:17; Isa 3:1-3

TSK: Job 12:21 - -- poureth : Exo 8:2, Exo 16:24; 1Ki 21:23, 1Ki 21:24; 2Ki 9:26, 2Ki 9:34-37; Psa 107:40; Isa 23:9; Isa 24:21, Isa 24:22, Isa 37:38; Dan 2:21, Dan 2:22, ...
poureth : Exo 8:2, Exo 16:24; 1Ki 21:23, 1Ki 21:24; 2Ki 9:26, 2Ki 9:34-37; Psa 107:40; Isa 23:9; Isa 24:21, Isa 24:22, Isa 37:38; Dan 2:21, Dan 2:22, Dan 4:32, Dan 4:33; Mat 2:12, Mat 2:13; Act 12:23
weakeneth the strength of the mighty : or, looseth the girdle of the strong, Isa 5:27, Isa 11:5, Isa 22:21; Eph 6:10, Eph 6:14

TSK: Job 12:22 - -- discovereth : Job 11:6, Job 28:20-23; 2Ki 6:12; Psa 44:21, Psa 139:12; Dan 2:22; Mat 10:26; 1Co 2:10, 1Co 4:5
bringeth : Job 3:5, Job 24:17, Job 34:22...

TSK: Job 12:23 - -- increaseth : Exo 1:7, Exo 1:20; Psa 107:38; Isa 9:3, Isa 26:15, Isa 27:6, Isa 51:2, Isa 60:22; Jer 30:19; Jer 33:22; Zec 10:8
straiteneth them again :...

TSK: Job 12:24 - -- He taketh : Job 12:20, Job 17:4; Isa 6:9, Isa 6:10, Isa 19:1; Dan 4:16, Dan 4:33; Hos 7:11
and causeth : Psa 107:4, Psa 107:40
in a wilderness : Betho...
He taketh : Job 12:20, Job 17:4; Isa 6:9, Isa 6:10, Isa 19:1; Dan 4:16, Dan 4:33; Hos 7:11
and causeth : Psa 107:4, Psa 107:40
in a wilderness :

collapse allCommentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)
Barnes: Job 12:17 - -- He leadeth counsellors away spoiled - Plundered or captive. That is, the counsels of wise and great men do not avail against God. Statesmen who...
He leadeth counsellors away spoiled - Plundered or captive. That is, the counsels of wise and great men do not avail against God. Statesmen who promised themselves victory as the result of their plans he disappoints, and leads away into captivity. The object of this is to show that God is superior over all, and also that people are not dealt with in exact accordance with their character and rank. God is a sovereign, and he shows his sovereignty when defeating the counsels and purposes of the wisest of men, and overturning the plans of the mighty.
And maketh the judges fools - He leaves them to distracted and foolish plans. He leaves them to the adoption of measures which result in their own ruin. He is a sovereign, having control over the minds of the great, and power to defeat all their counsels, and to render them infatuated. Nothing can be clearer than this. Nothing has been more frequently illustrated in the history of nations. In accordance with this belief is the well-known expression:
Quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat.
"Whom God purposes to destroy, he first infatuates."

Barnes: Job 12:18 - -- He looseth the bond of kings - The bond of kings ( מוּסר mûsâr ) here means that by which they bind others. Their power over other...
He looseth the bond of kings - The bond of kings (
And girdeth their loins with a girdle - That is, he girds them with a rope or cord, and leads them away as prisoners. The whole series of remarks here refers to the reverses and changes in the conditions of life. The meaning here is, that the bonds of authority which they imposed on others are unbound, and that their own loins are bound with a girdle, not a girdle of royal dignity and ornament, but such a one as they are bound with who are servants, or who travel. "Pict. Bib."

Barnes: Job 12:19 - -- He leadeth princes away spoiled - That is, plundered. The word here rendered "princes" כהנים kôhênı̂ym means properly priests,...
He leadeth princes away spoiled - That is, plundered. The word here rendered "princes"
And overthroweth - The word used here (

Barnes: Job 12:20 - -- He removeth away the speech of the trusty - Margin, "lip of the faithful.""He takes away the lip,"that is, he takes away the power of giving sa...
He removeth away the speech of the trusty - Margin, "lip of the faithful.""He takes away the lip,"that is, he takes away the power of giving safe counsel or good advice. The "trusty"or "faithful"here refer to those of age and experience, and on whose counsel men are accustomed to rely. The meaning here is, that their most sagacious anticipations are disappointed, their wisest schemes are foiled. They fail-in their calculations of the coarse of events, and the arrangements of Providence are such that they could not anticipate what was to occur.
The understanding of the aged - To whom the young were accustomed to look up with deference and respect. The meaning here is, that they who were accustomed to give wise and sound advice, if left by God, give vain and foolish counsels.

Barnes: Job 12:21 - -- He poureth contempt upon princes - He has power to hurl them from their thrones, and to overwhelm them with disgrace. And weakeneth the st...
He poureth contempt upon princes - He has power to hurl them from their thrones, and to overwhelm them with disgrace.
And weakeneth the strength of the mighty - Margin, as in Hebrew "looseth the girdle of the strong."The Orientals wore loose flowing robes, which were secured by a girdle around the loins. When they labored, ran, or traveled, their robes were girded up. But this is common everywhere. Wrestlers, leapers, and runners, put a girdle around them, and are able thus to accomplish much more than they otherwise could. To loosen that, is to weaken them. So Job says that God had power to loosen the strength of the mighty. He here seems to labor for expressions, and varies the form of the image in every way to show the absolute control which God has over people, and the fact that his power is seen in the reverses of mankind. Lucretius has a passage strongly resembling this in the general sentiment:
Usque adeo res humanas vis abdita quaedam
Obterit; et pulchros fasces, saevasque secures,
Proculcare, atque ludibrio sibi habere, videtur.
Lib. v. 1232.
So from his awful shades, some Power unseen
O’ erthrows all human greatness! Treads to dust
Rods, ensigns, crowns - the proudest pomps of state;
And laughs at all the mockery of mad!
Good.

Barnes: Job 12:22 - -- He discovereth deep thirsts out of darkness - That is, God discloses truths which are wholly beyond the power of man to discover - truths that ...
He discovereth deep thirsts out of darkness - That is, God discloses truths which are wholly beyond the power of man to discover - truths that seem to be hidden in profound night. This may refer either to the revelation which God was believed to have furnished, or to his power of bringing out the most secret thoughts and purposes, or to his power of predicting future events by bringing them out of darkness to the clear light of day, or to his power of detecting plots, intrigues, and conspiracies.
And bringeth out to light the shadow of death - On the meaning of the word rendered "shadow of death,"see the notes at Job 3:5. It here denotes whatever is dark or obscure. It is rather a favorite expression with the author of this poem (see Job 10:22; Job 16:16; Job 24:17; Job 34:22; Job 38:17), though it occurs elsewhere in the Scriptures. The deepest darkness, the obscurest night, are represented by it; and the idea is, that even from the most dark and impenetrable regions God could bring out light and truth. All is naked and open to the mind of God.

Barnes: Job 12:23 - -- He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them - He has entire control over them. The sources of prosperity are in his hand, and at his pleasur...
He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them - He has entire control over them. The sources of prosperity are in his hand, and at his pleasure he can visit them with famine, pestilence, or war, and diminish their numbers and arrest their prosperity. Dr. Good renders this very improperly, "He letteth the nations grow licentious;"but the word
And straiteneth them again - Margin, "leadeth in."So the word

Barnes: Job 12:24 - -- He taketh away the heart - The word heart here evidently means mind, intelligence, wisdom; see the notes at Job 12:3. Of the chief of the ...
He taketh away the heart - The word heart here evidently means mind, intelligence, wisdom; see the notes at Job 12:3.
Of the chief of the people - Hebrew "Heads of the people;"that is, of the rulers of the earth. The meaning is, that he leaves them to infatuated and distracted counsels. By withdrawing from them, he has power to frustrate their plans, and to leave them to an entire lack of wisdom; see the notes at Job 12:17.
And causeth them to wander in a wilderness - They are like persons in a vast waste of pathless sands without a waymark, a guide, or a path. The perplexity and confusion of the great ones of the earth could not be more strikingly represented than by the condition of such a lost traveler.

Barnes: Job 12:25 - -- They grope in the dark - They are like persons who attempt to feel their way along in the dark; compare the notes at Isa 59:10. And he mak...
They grope in the dark - They are like persons who attempt to feel their way along in the dark; compare the notes at Isa 59:10.
And he maketh them to stagger like a drunken man - Margin, "wander."Their unstable and perplexed counsels are like the reelings of a drunken man; see Isa 19:14, note; Isa 24:20, note. This closes the chapter, and with it the controversy in regard to the ability to adduce pertinent and striking proverbial expressions; see the notes at Job 12:3. Job had showed them that he was as familiar with proverbs respecting God as they were, and that he entertained as exalted ideas of the control and government of the Most High as they did. It may be added, that these are sublime and beautiful expressions respecting God. They surpass all that can be found in the writings of the pagan; and they show that somehow in the earliest ages there prevailed views of God which the human mind for ages afterward, and in the most favorable circumstances, was not capable of originating. These proverbial sayings were doubtless fragments of revealed truth, which had come down by tradition, and which were thus embodied in a form convenient to be transmitted from age to age.
Poole: Job 12:17 - -- The wise counsellors or statesmen, by whom the affairs of kings and kingdoms are ordered, he leadeth away as captives in triumph, being spoiled ...
The wise counsellors or statesmen, by whom the affairs of kings and kingdoms are ordered, he leadeth away as captives in triumph, being spoiled either of that wisdom which they had, or seemed or pretended to have; or of that power and dignity which they had enjoyed.
Maketh the judges fools partly by discovering their folly, and partly by infatuating their minds, and turning their own counsels to their ruin; of which see 2Sa 15:31 17:14,23 Isa 19:11 1Co 1:19 .

Poole: Job 12:18 - -- He looseth the bond of kings either,
1. Passively, whereby they are bound. He freeth them from prison or restraint. Or rather,
2. Actively, that wh...
He looseth the bond of kings either,
1. Passively, whereby they are bound. He freeth them from prison or restraint. Or rather,
2. Actively, that wherewith they bind their subjects to obedience, to wit, their power and authority, and that majesty which God stamps upon kings to keep their people in awe; all which God can, and oft doth, take away from them, and freeth the people from their bonds, when it pleaseth him; of which all histories give instances. See Dan 2:21 .
With a girdle either,
1. With a girdle of dignity and glory, which was put upon the loins of men in great honour and authority, as Isa 11:5 22:21 Jer 13:1,2 . So this member of the verse is opposite to the; former, and the sense of the whole is, he either casteth down kings or raiseth them up, as he pleaseth. But the Scripture no where mentions this girdle as one of the ornaments of kings. Or rather,
2. With a servile girdle; for seeing all, both the foregoing and succeeding passages, do evidently note acts of judgment or punishments inflicted upon them, it seems improper to understand this alone of an act of God’ s favour to them. So the sense is, he reduceth them into a mean and servile condition; which is thus expressed, because servants did use to gird up their garments, (which after the manner of those parts and time were loose and long,) that they might be fitter for attendance upon their masters; of which see Luk 12:37 17:8 . And so this is an amplification of the former sentence. He not only deposeth them from their thrones, but brings them into bondage and slavery.

Poole: Job 12:19 - -- Princes so this word, which usually signifies priests, is oft used, as Gen 41:45 47:22,26 Ex 2:16 2Sa 8:18 , compared with 1Ch 18:17 .
Princes so this word, which usually signifies priests, is oft used, as Gen 41:45 47:22,26 Ex 2:16 2Sa 8:18 , compared with 1Ch 18:17 .

Poole: Job 12:20 - -- Removeth away the speech either,
1. By taking away or restraining the gift of utterance from them, that they should not be able to express their tho...
Removeth away the speech either,
1. By taking away or restraining the gift of utterance from them, that they should not be able to express their thoughts with such clearness and power as they used to do; which God oft doth to wise and eloquent men. Or,
2. By bringing them into such straits and troubles that they know not what to say or advise. Or,
3. By taking away their understanding, which should suggest and direct their speech, as it here follows. Or,
4. By permitting them to betray their trust, and either not to speak when they should, or to speak otherwise than they should and to use their wit and rhetoric not to direct, but to deceive, and so destroy a prince.
Of the trusty i.e. of those wise and eloquent counsellors that were, and for their great abilities might be, trusted by the greatest princes with all their affairs.

Poole: Job 12:21 - -- He poureth contempt upon princes i.e. he makes them contemptible to their subjects and others.
Weakeneth Heb. he looseth the girdle ; which phrase...
He poureth contempt upon princes i.e. he makes them contemptible to their subjects and others.
Weakeneth Heb. he looseth the girdle ; which phrase signifies weakness, as Isa 5:27 ; as the girding of the girdle notes strength and power, as Isa 22:21 45:5 ; both these phrases being taken from the quality of their garments, which being loose and long, did disenable a man for travel or work.

Poole: Job 12:22 - -- Deep things out of darkness i.e. the most secret and crafty counsels of princes, which are contrived and carried on in the dark.
Deep things out of darkness i.e. the most secret and crafty counsels of princes, which are contrived and carried on in the dark.

Poole: Job 12:23 - -- What hitherto he said of princes, he now applies to nations and people, whom God doth either increase or diminish as he pleaseth.
He enlargeth the ...
What hitherto he said of princes, he now applies to nations and people, whom God doth either increase or diminish as he pleaseth.
He enlargeth the nations he multiplies them, so that they are forced to send forth colonies into other lands.
Straiteneth them again or, leadeth them in , or bringeth them back , into their own land, and confineth them there.

Poole: Job 12:24 - -- The heart which signifies either,
1. Their courage, as Psa 76:12 ; or rather,
2. Their wisdom and counsel, as Job 5:13 Isa 3:4 , as the following w...
The heart which signifies either,
1. Their courage, as Psa 76:12 ; or rather,
2. Their wisdom and counsel, as Job 5:13 Isa 3:4 , as the following words show.
The chief either for place and power, or for wisdom and conduct.
Causeth them to wander in a wilderness i.e. fills them with confusion, and uncertainty, and perplexity of mind, so that they know not how to govern themselves or their people.

Poole: Job 12:25 - -- They grope like men that cannot see their way.
In the dark without light two phrases expressing the same thing, emphatically to express their profo...
They grope like men that cannot see their way.
In the dark without light two phrases expressing the same thing, emphatically to express their profound darkness.
Like a drunken man who reels hither and thither without any certainty. So they sometimes take one course, and sometimes another, as resolving to try all experiments, and indeed not knowing what to do.
Haydock: Job 12:17 - -- To a. Hebrew, "to be despoiled" of their wisdom and riches. (Calmet) ---
Septuagint, "into captivity." (Haydock) ---
Crafty plotters at last fal...
To a. Hebrew, "to be despoiled" of their wisdom and riches. (Calmet) ---
Septuagint, "into captivity." (Haydock) ---
Crafty plotters at last fall into such misconduct, as to be derided by men of the meanest capacity. (Worthington)

Haydock: Job 12:18 - -- Looseth. Septuagint, "setteth kings upon the throne," &c. ---
Belt. This was usually very magnificent, and a military ornament. See that of Pall...
Looseth. Septuagint, "setteth kings upon the throne," &c. ---
Belt. This was usually very magnificent, and a military ornament. See that of Pallas described. (Virgil, Æneid x.) Job intimates that God derives kings of their authority, at pleasure. Hebrew may also signify that he looseth the bond or prisoner of kings, and reduces themselves to slavery. (Calmet) ---
Things never remain long in the same state. (Haydock) ---
Even kings are sometimes obliged to beg. (Menochius)

Haydock: Job 12:19 - -- Without. Hebrew, "despoiled." Septuagint, "captives." Cohanim, may comprise both sacred ministers and civil princes, 1 Kings viii. 18. All are ...
Without. Hebrew, "despoiled." Septuagint, "captives." Cohanim, may comprise both sacred ministers and civil princes, 1 Kings viii. 18. All are equally subject to God. (Calmet)

Haydock: Job 12:21 - -- Relieveth. Hebrew, "ungirdeth (disarms) the strong." (Calmet) ---
Septuagint, "but the lowly (humble) he has healed."
Relieveth. Hebrew, "ungirdeth (disarms) the strong." (Calmet) ---
Septuagint, "but the lowly (humble) he has healed."

Haydock: Job 12:22 - -- Of death. Tsalmaveth (Haydock) may perhaps simply denote darkness. (Calmet) ---
God bringeth to light the most hidden things. (Haydock)
Of death. Tsalmaveth (Haydock) may perhaps simply denote darkness. (Calmet) ---
God bringeth to light the most hidden things. (Haydock)

Haydock: Job 12:23 - -- Multiplieth. Hebrew, Septuagint, and Syriac, "deceiveth," (Calmet) suffering them to confide too much in their strength, so that they fall an easy p...
Multiplieth. Hebrew, Septuagint, and Syriac, "deceiveth," (Calmet) suffering them to confide too much in their strength, so that they fall an easy prey. (Haydock) ---
How many nations, once so powerful, are now fallen; while others of no account have risen to eminence!

Haydock: Job 12:24 - -- Changeth. Hebrew, "taketh away the heart," or prudence "of princes." Hence they follow the most absurd counsels, Isaias xxix. 19. (Calmet) ---
No...
Changeth. Hebrew, "taketh away the heart," or prudence "of princes." Hence they follow the most absurd counsels, Isaias xxix. 19. (Calmet) ---
No way. This was the case of Pharao, when he pursued the Israelites into the sea; (Tirinus) and the like may rationally be feared by those princes, who attempt to make innovations in the true religion, or in the sound laws of a kingdom. (Menochius)
Gill: Job 12:17 - -- He leadeth counsellors away spoiled,.... Such who have the greatest share of knowledge and wisdom in civil things, and are capable of giving advice to...
He leadeth counsellors away spoiled,.... Such who have the greatest share of knowledge and wisdom in civil things, and are capable of giving advice to others, and are very useful in commonwealths, in cities, towns, and neighbourhoods; wherefore it is a judgment on a people when such are removed, Isa 3:3; these God can spoil at once of all their wisdom and knowledge, and render them unfit to give advice and counsel to others; or he can confound their schemes, disappoint their devices, carry their counsel headlong, and make it of none effect, and so spoil them of their ends and views, and of their fame, credit, and reputation:
and maketh the judges fools; men of great parts, abilities, and capacities, whereby they are qualified to sit upon the bench, preside in courts of judicature, and judge in all matters of controversy that come before them; and it is a happiness to a country to have such persons, as it is a judgment to have them removed, see Isa 3:2; yet God can take away the wisdom of such men, deprive them of their natural abilities, and so infatuate them, that they shall not be able to understand a cause, but pass a foolish sentence, to their own shame and disgrace, as well as to the injury of others; see Isa 40:23.

Gill: Job 12:18 - -- He looseth the bonds of kings,.... Not with which they themselves may be bound, being taken prisoners, or being so before made kings, and brought from...
He looseth the bonds of kings,.... Not with which they themselves may be bound, being taken prisoners, or being so before made kings, and brought from thence to reign, as in Ecc 4:14; but that which they bind on their subjects, a yoke of bondage, tyranny, and oppression; so that to loose their bond is to loose their subjects from it, and free them from their arbitrary and despotic power, and from the burdens they lay upon them: unless rather it should be understood of loosing their waistbands, as an emblem of their government, ungirding them, or unkinging them, stripping them of their royal power and authority, called a "loosing of their loins", Isa 45:1; and this power God has over such great personages, as to set up kings, and remove them at his pleasure, Dan 2:21; which shows that strength and power, as well as wisdom, are with him; this may respect Chedorlaomer casting off the yoke of Nimrod, and the kings of Canaan casting off the yoke of Chedorlaomer, and being loosed from it, Gen 14:1;
and girdeth their loins with a girdle; not with a royal waistband, as an ensign of government; see Isa 11:5; which he looses, and strips them of, but another instead of that; he girds them with the girdle of a servant or traveller; the allusion being to the custom in those eastern countries, where they wore long garments, for servants to gird them up, when they waited on their masters, or when men went long journeys, see Luk 17:7; and so may signify that kings sometimes become servants, or go into captivity, and there be used as such, as they sometimes are; the Vulgate Latin version is, "he girds their reins with a rope".

Gill: Job 12:19 - -- He leadeth princes away spoiled,.... Of their principalities and dominions, of their wealth and riches, and of their honour and glory; or "priests" u,...
He leadeth princes away spoiled,.... Of their principalities and dominions, of their wealth and riches, and of their honour and glory; or "priests" u, as some choose to render the word, against whom God has indignation for their sins, and leads them into captivity with others; so the Septuagint version, "he leads the priests captives"; for no office, ever so sacred, can protect wicked men, see Lam 2:6; and from these sometimes the law perishes, and they are spoiled of their wisdom and knowledge, and made unfit to instruct the people, and so of their credit and reputation among them. Sephorno interprets it of the priests spoiled of their prophesying, they prophesying false things to kings:
and overthroweth the mighty; the mighty angels from heaven when they sinned, and mighty men on earth, kings and princes, whom he puts down from their seats of majesty and grandeur. Sephorno interprets this of kings, whose ways are perverted, by being led by false prophets, as Ahab was. Some w understand this of ecclesiastical men, mighty in word and doctrine, well grounded in theology, yet their wisdom being taken away from them, they turn aside into wicked paths, practices, and principles, and fall from their steadfastness in truth and holiness.

Gill: Job 12:20 - -- He removeth away the speech of the trusty,.... Speech is proper to mankind, and a benefit unto them, whereby they can converse together, and communica...
He removeth away the speech of the trusty,.... Speech is proper to mankind, and a benefit unto them, whereby they can converse together, and communicate their minds to each other; this is the gift of God, he gives to men in common the faculty of speaking; to some the tongue of the learned to speak various tongues, either in an ordinary or in an extraordinary manner; and he that gives can take away; he that made man's mouth or lip can make it speechless, as he does at death; when he takes away man's breath, he takes away his speech; the state of the dead is a state of silence; and sometimes he does it while living, by striking dumb, as he did Zechariah the father of John the Baptist; and even without so doing, as in the builders of Babel, he took away the speech they had, and gave them another; and sometimes he suffers not men to speak what they would, but what is contrary to their inclinations and desires, as in Balaam, who would willingly have cursed Israel, but could not. Now that God should take away by any means the speech of liars, and faithless persons, as Ananias and Sapphira, by striking them dead, Act 5:1; and of false teachers, deceivers, and bold blasphemers of God, and of his Son, and of the blessed Spirit, whose mouths ought to be stopped, is no wonder; but it seems strange that he should remove the speech of "trusty" or "faithful" x men, that speak the truth, and are to be credited and believed; and as the preceding words are understood of ecclesiastic persons, these may be continued concerning them; and the character agrees with ministers of the word, who are in trusted with the rich treasure of it; that is put in earthen vessels, and committed to the trust of faithful men; who appear to be such when they speak the word faithfully, declare the whole counsel of God, and keep back nothing profitable to men; when they speak plainly, without ambiguity, and sincerely, without mixing or adulterating it; and are faithful as to God, who has appointed them, and put them into the ministry, so to the souls of men under their care: now God sometimes takes away the speech of these, not by changing their voice, or ordering them, instead of the gracious promises of the Gospel, to deliver out the menaces and threatenings of the law; but either by commanding them to be dumb and silent, and speak no more to an incorrigible and rebellious people; as Ezekiel was bid to prophesy no more to the house of Israel, and the apostles to preach no more to the Jews; or by suffering them to be silenced by the edicts of wicked princes, and their violent persecutions of them, so that the teachers of men are removed into corners, and not to be seen or heard; and also by death, when their faces are no more seen, and their speech no more heard. Some, both Jewish and Christian interpreters, derive the word here used from the root
and taketh away the understanding of the aged; or "elders" z, as Mr. Broughton, either in age or office; elders in age, with whom understanding, reason, judgment, counsel, and wisdom, by all which the word is interpreted, may be thought to be, and it is expected they should, and oftentimes are, though not always; yet all this God can take away, and does when he pleases, and they become like children in understanding; through the infirmities of old age their memories fail them, their reason is impaired, their understanding and judgment are weakened, and they become unfit to give advice themselves, and are easily imposed on, and drawn aside by others, as may be observed in Solomon, the wisest of men, when he was grown old. This is to be understood of the natural understanding in things natural and civil, but not of the spiritual understanding, which is never taken away, but rather increased in old age; the true light of grace shines more and more unto the perfect day; it is a gift of God without repentance, which he never revokes and removes: it may intend the natural "taste" a, as the word may be rendered; this is often and generally taken away from the aged, as in old Barzillai, who could not taste what he ate and drank, as to distinguish and relish it, 2Sa 19:35; but not the spiritual taste, of the Lord as gracious, of the good word of God, and the fruits of divine grace; the taste and savour of which remain with the people of God in old age; or this may design men in office, either civil magistrates, called senators, the elders of the people, judges, and counsellors, who instead of being taught more wisdom, which their offices require, sometimes become infatuated, their understanding of civil things is taken away from them, their wise counsels become brutish, and they like children; or ecclesiastic persons, elders of churches, who, having talents for public usefulness, either neglect them, or make an ill use of them, and therefore are taken away from them; their right arm is dried up, and their right eye darkened, Mat 25:28.

Gill: Job 12:21 - -- He poureth contempt upon princes,.... Not on good princes, such as rule in righteousness, and decree judgment and govern their subjects according to g...
He poureth contempt upon princes,.... Not on good princes, such as rule in righteousness, and decree judgment and govern their subjects according to good laws, in a mild and gentle manner, and answer to their name of free, liberal, beneficent and munificent. These, as there is an honour due unto them, it is the will of God they should have it; much less are princes, in a figurative sense, meant, good men, the children of God, who are born of him the King of kings, and so princes in all the earth; but, in a literal sense, bad princes, that oppress their subjects, and rule them with rigour, and persecute good men; such as rose up against Christ, as Herod and Pontius Pilate; persecutors of the saints, as the Roman emperors, and the antichristian princes in the papacy; these God sometimes brings into contempt with their subjects, deposes them from their government, reduces them to a mean, abject, and servile state; or they die a shameful death, as Herod was eaten with worms, and many of the Heathen emperors died miserable deaths; and the vials of God's wrath will be poured out upon all the antichristian states, and their princes: pouring denotes the abundance of shame they are put to, as if they were clothed and covered with it, it being plentifully poured out like water, or as water was poured upon them, which is sometimes done by way of contempt, see Psa 107:40;
and weakeneth the strength of the mighty; the strength of men, hale and robust, by sending one disease or another upon them, which takes it away from them; or by "the mighty" are meant men in power and authority; kings, as the Targum paraphrases it, mighty monarchs, whose strength lies in their wealth and riches, in their fortresses and powerful armies; all which God can deprive them of in an instant, and make them as weak as other men. Some render it, "and looseneth the girdle of the mighty" b, the same as loosening the loins of kings, Isa 14:1; ungirding them, and taking away their power and authority from them, rendering them unfit for business, or unable to keep their posts and defend their kingdom.

Gill: Job 12:22 - -- He discovereth deep things out of darkness,.... The deep things of God, his own deep things which lie in his heart, wrapped up in darkness impenetrabl...
He discovereth deep things out of darkness,.... The deep things of God, his own deep things which lie in his heart, wrapped up in darkness impenetrable to creatures, and which could never be known unless he had discovered them; such as the thoughts of his heart, which are very deep, Psa 92:5; the deep things of God, which the Spirit of God only knows, searches, and reveals, 1Co 2:10; even his thoughts of peace, and good things for his people, which are many and precious, are known to himself, and made known to them, or otherwise must have remained in darkness, and out of their reach, being as high as the heavens are from the earth; the decrees and purposes of God, which he hath purposed in himself, are deep things in his own breast, and lie concealed in darkness there, until discovered by the accomplishment of them; such as his decrees of election in Christ, redemption by him, and the effectual calling by his grace; all which are revealed and made known by the execution of them: the love of God to his people, which lay hid in his heart from everlasting; this is discovered by the gift and mission of his Son; in the regeneration and quickening of his people, and of which he makes still larger discoveries to them in the course of their lives: likewise the mysteries of the Gospel, unknown to natural men, even the wise and prudent, only known to such to whom it is given to know them, to whom they are revealed by the Father of Christ, and by the Spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of the mystery of God, and of the Father, and of Christ; respecting the persons in the Godhead, the grace of each person, the incarnation of Christ, the union of the two natures in him, redemption and justification by him, regeneration by the Spirit of God, union to Christ, and communion with him, and conformity to him in soul and body, now and hereafter: likewise the secrets of his providence, in which there is a great depth of his wisdom and knowledge, and is in great obscurity; his path is in the great waters, and his footsteps are not known; his judgments are unsearchable, and his ways past finding out, but before long they will be made manifest, and lie open to view. There are also the deep things of others, which he discovers, as the depth of sin in the deceitful heart of man, which none knows as himself; and which lie hid there until they are discovered in the light of the divine Spirit, who convinces of them, enlightens the understanding to behold those swarms of lusts and corruptions it never discerned before; and then a man comes to see and know the plague of his own heart, he was before a stranger to; also the depths of Satan, his deep laid schemes, his wiles and stratagems, to draw into sin, and so to ruin; these are unknown to natural men, but saints are made acquainted with them, so that they are not altogether ignorant of his devices, Rev 2:24; likewise the secret plots, counsels, and combinations of wicked men, which they lay deep, and seek to hide from the Lord, being formed in the dark; but he sees and knows them, discovers and confounds them: to which may be added all the wicked actions of men done in the dark, but cannot be hid from God, with whom the darkness and the light are both alike; and who, sooner or later, brings them to light, even the hidden things of darkness, and makes manifest the counsels of the heart, as he will do more especially at the day of judgment, to which every secret thing will be brought:
and bringeth but to light the shadow of death; not only life and immortality, as by the Gospel, but death, and the shadow of it, even deadly darkness, the grossest of darkness; such who are darkness itself he makes light, and out of the darkness in them commands light to shine, as in the first creation; to them that sit in darkness, and in the shadow of death, he causes a great light to arise, the light of the Gospel, and the light of grace, yea, Christ himself, the light of the world; he calls and brings them out of it into marvellous light, out of the dark dungeon and prison of sin and unbelief, to the enjoyment of spiritual light and life here, and to everlasting light and glory hereafter.

Gill: Job 12:23 - -- He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them,.... As he did before the flood, when the earth was tilled, and all over peopled with them, but at the ...
He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them,.... As he did before the flood, when the earth was tilled, and all over peopled with them, but at the flood he destroyed them at once. Sephorno interprets it of the seven nations in the land of Canaan, which were increased in it, and destroyed, to make way for the Israelites to inhabit it; and this has since been verified in other kingdoms, large and populous, and brought to destruction, particularly in the four monarchies, Babylonian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman, and will be in the antichristian states and nations of the world:
he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them again; or "stretcheth" or "spreadeth out the nations" c, as he did all over the earth before the deluge, and then most remarkably straitened them, when they were reduced to so small a number as to be contained in a single ark: "or leads them" d; that is, "governs them", as Mr. Broughton renders the word, rules and overrules them, as large as they are; or leads them into captivity, as some Jewish writers e, as the Israelites; though they have been enlarged, and became numerous, as it was promised they should, yet have been led into captivity, first the ten tribes by the Assyrians, and then the two tribes by the Chaldeans; the Targum is, "he spreadeth out a net for the nations, and leadeth them", that is, into it, so that they are taken in it, see Eze 12:13.

Gill: Job 12:24 - -- He taketh away the heart of the chief of the people of the earth,.... The people of the earth are the common people; the "chief" or "heads" f of them,...
He taketh away the heart of the chief of the people of the earth,.... The people of the earth are the common people; the "chief" or "heads" f of them, as it may be rendered, are kings, princes and generals of armies; whose "hearts" may be said to be "taken away" when they are dispirited, and deprived both of courage and conduct; have neither valour nor wisdom, neither fortitude of mind, nor military skill to defend themselves and their people against their enemies. Sephorno interprets this of Sihon and Og, whose spirits the Lord hardened, and made their hearts obstinate to war with Israel, Deu 2:30; but it may be better understood of the Israelites, and the heads of them, when they were discomfited by the Amalekites, quickly after their coming out of Egypt, see Num 14:45; about which time Job lived: and the rather, since it follows,
and caused them to wander in a wilderness where there is no way: no track, no beaten path to follow, to be a guide to them, and direct their way; in such a wilderness the Israelites wandered near forty years, see Psa 107:40.

Gill: Job 12:25 - -- They grope in the dark without light,.... Like blind men, as the men of Sodom, when they were struck with blindness; or "they grope", or "feel the dar...
They grope in the dark without light,.... Like blind men, as the men of Sodom, when they were struck with blindness; or "they grope", or "feel the dark, and not light" g, as the Targum; as the Egyptian, did when such gross darkness was upon them as might be felt:
and he maketh them to stagger like a drunken man; that has lost his sight, his senses, and his feet, and knows not where he is, which way to go, nor how to keep on his legs, but reels to and fro, and is at the utmost loss what to do; all this is said of the heads or chief of the people, in consequence of their hearts being taken away, and so left destitute of wisdom and strength.

expand allCommentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes: Job 12:17 Some translate this “makes mad” as in Isa 44:25, but this gives the wrong connotation today; more likely God shows them to be fools.


NET Notes: Job 12:19 The original meaning of אֵיתָן (’eytan) is “perpetual.” It is usually an epithet for a torrent t...



NET Notes: Job 12:22 The Hebrew word is traditionally rendered “shadow of death” (so KJV, ASV); see comments at Job 3:3.

NET Notes: Job 12:23 The rise and fall of nations, which does not seem to be governed by any moral principle, is for Job another example of God’s arbitrary power.


NET Notes: Job 12:25 The verb is the same that was in v. 24, “He makes them [the leaders still] wander” (the Hiphil of תָּעָ...
Geneva Bible: Job 12:18 ( i ) He looseth ( k ) the bond of kings, and girdeth their loins with a girdle.
( i ) He takes wisdom from them.
( k ) He abates the humour of prin...

Geneva Bible: Job 12:20 He removeth away the speech of the ( l ) trusty, and taketh away the understanding of the aged.
( l ) He causes their words to have no credit, which ...

Geneva Bible: Job 12:23 He ( m ) increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them [again].
( m ) In this discourse of God's wonder...

expand allCommentary -- Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis -> Job 12:1-25
TSK Synopsis: Job 12:1-25 - --1 Job maintains himself against his friends that reprove him.7 He acknowledges the general doctrine of God's omnipotence.
MHCC -> Job 12:12-25
MHCC: Job 12:12-25 - --This is a noble discourse of Job concerning the wisdom, power, and sovereignty of God, in ordering all the affairs of the children of men, according t...
Matthew Henry -> Job 12:12-25
Matthew Henry: Job 12:12-25 - -- This is a noble discourse of Job's concerning the wisdom, power, and sovereignty of God, in ordering and disposing of all the affairs of the childre...
Keil-Delitzsch -> Job 12:17-21; Job 12:22-25
Keil-Delitzsch: Job 12:17-21 - --
17 He leadeth away counsellors stripped of their robes,
And maketh judges fools.
18 The authority of kings He looseth,
And bindeth their loins wi...

Keil-Delitzsch: Job 12:22-25 - --
22 He discovereth deep things out of darkness,
And bringeth out to light the shadow of death;
23 He giveth prosperity to nations and then destroye...
Constable: Job 4:1--14:22 - --B. The First Cycle of Speeches between Job and His Three Friends chs. 4-14
The two soliloquies of Job (c...

Constable: Job 12:1--14:22 - --6. Job's first reply to Zophar chs. 12-14
In these chapters Job again rebutted his friends and t...
