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Text -- Joshua 20:3 (NET)

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Context
20:3 Anyone who accidentally kills someone can escape there; these cities will be a place of asylum from the avenger of blood.
Parallel   Cross Reference (TSK)   ITL  

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Dictionary Themes and Topics: Refuge | RELATIONSHIPS, FAMILY | REFUGE, CITIES OF | Joshua | Israel | IGNORANCE | Homicide | GOEL | Communion | CRUEL; CRUELTY | Avenger of Blood | ASSASSINATION | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Wesley , JFB

Word/Phrase Notes
Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , Maclaren , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable , Guzik

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Wesley: Jos 20:3 - -- Heb. Through ignorance, or error, or mistake, and without knowledge. The same thing twice repeated to cut off all the expectations that wilful murdere...

Heb. Through ignorance, or error, or mistake, and without knowledge. The same thing twice repeated to cut off all the expectations that wilful murderers might have of protection here; God having declared, that such should be taken even from his altar, that they might be killed.

Wesley: Jos 20:3 - -- The nearest kinsman, who had right or power to demand, or take vengeance of the slaughter.

The nearest kinsman, who had right or power to demand, or take vengeance of the slaughter.

JFB: Jos 20:1-3 - -- (See Num. 35:9-28; Deu 19:1-13). The command here recorded was given on their going to occupy their allotted settlements. The sanctuaries were not tem...

(See Num. 35:9-28; Deu 19:1-13). The command here recorded was given on their going to occupy their allotted settlements. The sanctuaries were not temples or altars, as in other countries, but inhabited cities; and the design was not to screen criminals, but only to afford the homicide protection from the vengeance of the deceased's relatives until it should have been ascertained whether the death had resulted from accident and momentary passion, or from premeditated malice. The institution of the cities of refuge, together with the rules prescribed for the guidance of those who sought an asylum within their walls, was an important provision, tending to secure the ends of justice as well as of mercy.

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Poole: Jos 20:3 - -- Unawares and unwittingly Heb. through ignorance, or error, or mistake, and without knowledge ; the same thing twice repeated, to cut off all the cla...

Unawares and unwittingly Heb. through ignorance, or error, or mistake, and without knowledge ; the same thing twice repeated, to cut off all the claims and expectations that wilful murderers might have of protection here; and God having declared that such should be taken even from his altar, that they might be killed, Exo 21:14 ; and accordingly Joab was by Solomon’ s order killed even at the altar, 1Ki 2:28-31,34 . It is the more strange and impudent that any Christians should make their sanctuaries give protection to such persons whom God hath so expressly excepted from it, which the papists do; and their doctors are not ashamed to defend it upon frivolous reasons.

The avenger of blood the kinsman, who had right or power to demand or take vengeance of the slaughter.

Haydock: Jos 20:3 - -- Of blood, and authorized to kill the manslayer, (Menochius) if he find him out of one of these cities. See Numbers xxxv. 6., and Deuteronomy xix. 4....

Of blood, and authorized to kill the manslayer, (Menochius) if he find him out of one of these cities. See Numbers xxxv. 6., and Deuteronomy xix. 4. Revenge was never lawful: but to prosecute offenders in the courts of justice, (Calmet) or agreeably to the law of God, can never deserve blame. (Haydock) ---

If some of the saints of the old law seem to have taken delight in revenge, their expressions must be explained in a favourable sense. David, who is accused of this crime, (Calmet) repels the charge with horror, Psalm vii. 5. The evils which he denounces to his adversaries, were predictions of what they had reason to expect, Psalm lvii. 11., and Jeremias xi. 20. (Haydock) ---

If some of the Jews looked upon vengeance as lawful, it cannot be a matter of surprise, when we reflect that even some, who have been taught the mild law of the gospel, think themselves bound, in some cases, to revenge an affront. (Calmet) ---

So far have the maxims of the world supplanted Christianity in their breasts! How severely does Jacob rebuke his children for what they had done to the Sichemites, though they falsely thought that the affront offered to their sister, would justify them! (Genesis xxxiv.) (Haydock)

Gill: Jos 20:3 - -- That the slayer that killeth any person unawares, and unwittingly, may flee thither,.... Who through mere accident, and without design, killed a per...

That the slayer that killeth any person unawares, and unwittingly, may flee thither,.... Who through mere accident, and without design, killed a person, friend or foe, one of his own kindred, or a stranger, without any malice against him, or intention to take away his life:

and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood; from any of the relations of the deceased, who might be stirred up to avenge the blood of his kinsman on the slayer; see Num 35:12.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Jos 20:3 Heb “so that the one who kills, taking life accidentally without knowledge, may flee there.”

Geneva Bible: Jos 20:3 That the slayer that killeth [any] person ( a ) unawares [and] unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood. ...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Jos 20:1-9 - --1 God commands,7 and the children of Israel appoint the six cities of refuge.

Maclaren: Jos 20:1-9 - --Joshua 20:1-9 Our Lord has taught us that parts of the Mosaic legislation were given because of the hardness' of the people's hearts. The moral and re...

MHCC: Jos 20:1-6 - --When the Israelites were settled in their promised inheritance, they were reminded to set apart the cities of refuge, whose use and typical meaning ha...

Matthew Henry: Jos 20:1-6 - -- Many things were by the law of Moses ordered to be done when they came to Canaan and this among the rest, the appointing of sanctuaries for the prot...

Keil-Delitzsch: Jos 20:1-6 - -- After the distribution of the land by lot among the tribes of Israel, six towns were set apart, in accordance with the Mosaic instructions in Num 35...

Constable: Jos 13:1--21:45 - --II. THE DIVISION OF THE LAND chs. 13--21 Chapters 13-24 describe how Joshua divided the land and the results of ...

Constable: Jos 20:1-9 - --1. The cities of refuge ch. 20 At this time the tribal leaders formally designated the six citie...

Guzik: Jos 20:1-9 - --Joshua 20 - The Cities of Refuge A. God commands the appointment of six cities of refuge. 1. (1-3) A place of refuge from the avenger of blood. Th...

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Introduction / Outline

JFB: Joshua (Book Introduction) JOSHUA. The title of this book is derived from the pious and valiant leader whose achievements it relates and who is commonly supposed to have been it...

JFB: Joshua (Outline) THE LORD APPOINTS JOSHUA TO SUCCEED MOSES. (Jos. 1:1-18) RAHAB RECEIVES AND CONCEALS THE TWO SPIES. (Jos 2:1-7) THE COVENANT BETWEEN HER AND THEM. (J...

TSK: Joshua (Book Introduction) The Book of Joshua is one of the most important documents in the Old Testament. The rapid conquest of the Promised Land, and the actual settlement of...

TSK: Joshua 20 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Jos 20:1, God commands, Jos 20:7, and the children of Israel appoint the six cities of refuge.

Poole: Joshua (Book Introduction) BOOK OF JOSHUA THE ARGUMENT IT is not material to know who was the penman of this book, whether Joshua, as seems most probable from Jos 24:26 , o...

Poole: Joshua 20 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 20 God commands six cities of refuge for those who unawares should slay a man, Jos 20:1-4 . The right use of them, Jos 20:5,6 . The Israeli...

MHCC: Joshua (Book Introduction) Here is the history of Israel's passing into the land of Canaan, conquering and dividing it, under the command of Joshua, and their history until his ...

MHCC: Joshua 20 (Chapter Introduction) (Jos 20:1-6) The law concerning the cities of refuge. (Jos 20:7-9) The cities appointed as refuges.

Matthew Henry: Joshua (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Book of Joshua I. We have now before us the history of the Jewish nation in this book and those tha...

Matthew Henry: Joshua 20 (Chapter Introduction) This short chapter is concerning the cities of refuge, which we often read of in the writings of Moses, but this is the last time that we find ment...

Constable: Joshua (Book Introduction) Introduction Title The name of this book in Hebrew, Greek, and English comes from the ...

Constable: Joshua (Outline) Outline I. The conquest of the land chs. 1-12 A. Preparations for entering Canaan chs. 1-2 ...

Constable: Joshua Joshua Bibliography Aharoni, Yohanan. "The Province-List of Judah." Vetus Testamentum 9 (1959):225-46. ...

Haydock: Joshua (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION. THE BOOK OF JOSUE. This book is called Josue , because it contains the history of what passed under him, and, according to the comm...

Gill: Joshua (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO JOSHUA The Jews distinguish the prophets into former and latter; the first of the former prophets is Joshua, or Sepher Joshua, the ...

Gill: Joshua 20 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO JOSHUA 20 The contents of this chapter are the renewal of the order to appoint cities of refuge for such that commit manslaughter i...

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