Neh 12:1-24 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- Nehemiah 12:1-24 (NET)

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Context

The Priests and the Levites Who Returned to Jerusalem

12:1 These are the priests and Levites who returned with Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Jeshua: Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra, 12:2 Amariah, Malluch, Hattush, 12:3 Shecaniah, Rehum, Meremoth, 12:4 Iddo, Ginnethon, Abijah, 12:5 Mijamin, Moadiah, Bilgah, 12:6 Shemaiah, Joiarib, Jedaiah, 12:7 Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, and Jedaiah. These were the leaders of the priests and their colleagues in the days of Jeshua. 12:8 And the Levites: Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah, who together with his colleagues was in charge of the songs of thanksgiving. 12:9 Bakbukiah and Unni, their colleagues, stood opposite them in the services. 12:10 Jeshua was the father of Joiakim, Joiakim was the father of Eliashib, Eliashib was the father of Joiada, 12:11 Joiada was the father of Jonathan, and Jonathan was the father of Jaddua. 12:12 In the days of Joiakim, these were the priests who were leaders of the families: of Seraiah, Meraiah; of Jeremiah, Hananiah; 12:13 of Ezra, Meshullam; of Amariah, Jehohanan; 12:14 of Malluch, Jonathan; of Shecaniah, Joseph; 12:15 of Harim, Adna; of Meremoth, Helkai; 12:16 of Iddo, Zechariah; of Ginnethon, Meshullam; 12:17 of Abijah, Zicri; of Miniamin and of Moadiah, Piltai; 12:18 of Bilgah, Shammua; of Shemaiah, Jehonathan; 12:19 of Joiarib, Mattenai; of Jedaiah, Uzzi; 12:20 of Sallu, Kallai; of Amok, Eber; 12:21 of Hilkiah, Hashabiah; of Jedaiah, Nethanel. 12:22 As for the Levites, in the days of Eliashib, Joiada, Johanan and Jaddua the heads of families were recorded, as were the priests during the reign of Darius the Persian. 12:23 The descendants of Levi were recorded in the Book of the Chronicles as heads of families up to the days of Johanan son of Eliashib. 12:24 And the leaders of the Levites were Hashabiah, Sherebiah, Jeshua son of Kadmiel, and their colleagues, who stood opposite them to offer praise and thanks, one contingent corresponding to the other, as specified by David the man of God.

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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Abijah the son and successor of King Rehoboam

· Adna a commander (Manasseh) of Saul's who defected to David,a commander of 300,000 Judean men under King Jehoshaphat

· Amariah a Levite (Hebron Kohath); founder of a sub-clan of Hebron,the chief priest, Amariah I; son of Marioth I; 1100 BC,son of Azariah II; chief priest under Jehoshaphat; Amariah II,a Levite temple assistant to Kore under King Hezekiah; 725 BC,son of King Hezekiah; 700 BC,an Israelite (Binnui) who put away his heathen wife; 458 BC,a priestly leader who returned with Zerubbabel 537 BC (NIVsn),son of Shephatiah of Judah

· Amok priestly leader who returned from exile with Zerubbabel

· Bakbukiah a Levite worship leader who lead a group from the exile

· Bilgah chief of a division of priests serving in David's Sanctuary,priest and leader who pledged to obey God's law

· Binnui a Levite whose son (or descendant), Noadiah returned from exile,a layman of the Pahath-Moab clan who put away his heathen wife,forefather of certain men who put away their heathen wives.,a man of the clan of Henadad who helped repair the wall,a man whose descendants returned from exile with Zerubbabel,a man of Levi who returned with Zerubbabel from exile

· Darius king of Persia after Cyrus and Artaxerxes Smerdis; Darius I,son of Ahasuerus; Darius II the Mede,king of Persia after Darius II; Darius III the Persian

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Eber a son of Shelah; the father of Peleg; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Shelah (Arpachshad Aram Shem Noah),a nation: poetic description of Israel,son of Abihail; a founding father of one of the clans of Gad,son of Elpaal of Benjamin,son of Shashak of Benjamin,a priest and head of the clan of Amok under High Priest Joiakim

· Eliashib chief of a division of priests serving in David's sanctuary,son of Eli-O-Enai, (Hananiah Zerubbabel David),high priest in the days of Nehemiah,a Levite singer who agreed to put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Zattu clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Bani clan who put away his heathen wife,a chief priest; son of Joiakim

· Ezra a man of Judah; probably the son of Hodiah

· Ginnethon priest leader among those who returned from exile

· Hananiah son of Heman the Levite; worship leader under Heman and David,a man who was one of King Uzziah's commanders,son of Azzur; a false prophet of Zedekiah's from Gibeon,father of Zedekiah, a prince of Judah in the time of Jehoiakim,grandfather of Irijah the sentry who falsely accused Jeremiah; the father of Shelemiah,son of Shashak of Benjamin,a man of Judah who served Nebuchadnezzar with Daniel in Babylon,son of Zerubbabel,a layman of the Bebai clan who put away his heathen wife,a man who made perfume and helped rebuild the wall of Jerusalem; son of Shelemiah,governor of the castle and over Jerusalem under Nehemiah,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a priest and head of the clan of Jeremiah under Joiakim

· Harim a chief of a division of priests serving in David's sanctuary,a priest leader of some who returned from exile with Zerubbabel,the forefather of certain men who put away their heathen wives,a priest who signed the covenant to keep God's law,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to keep God's law

· Hashabiah son of Amaziah of Levi; father of Malluch,a Merari Levite whose descendants returned from exile,son of Jeduthun the Levite leader under Jeduthun and King David,overseer of King David's work west of the Jordan River,son of Kemuel; David's chief officer over the Levites,a chief officer of the house of God in Josiah's time,a Levite descendant of Merari who led recruits to Ezra,a layman of the Parosh clan who put away his heathen wife,ruler of Keilah who helped repair the walls of Jerusalem,son of Henadad, a Levite who contracted to obey God's law,son of Bunni of Levi,son of Mattaniah of Asaph of Levi,priest and head of the house of Hilkiah,a chief of the Levites in Nehemiah's time

· Hattush son of Shemaiah, a descendant of Hananiah, Zerubbabel and David,son of Shemaiah son of Shecaniah of David,a priest leader of some who returned from exile with Zerubbabel

· Helkai priest over the house of Meraioth under Joiakim and Nehemiah

· Hilkiah father of Eliakim who was head of King Hezekiah's household,a high priest; son of Shalum /Meshulam,son of Amzi of Levi; forefather of returned exiles,son of Hosah; a Levite gatekeeper,priest leader of some who returned from exile with Zerubbabel,a man of Anathoth; father of the prophet Jeremiah

· Iddo father of Ahinadab, Solomon's deputy for food from Mahanaim,son of Joah of Gershom son of Levi,son of Zechariah; chief over Manasseh in Gilead under David,a prophet who wrote about the times of Solomon,grandfather of the prophet Zechariah; father of Berekiah,priest leader of some who returned from exile with Zerubbabel,a leader of the Jews in Casiphia of Babylon

· Jaddua one of the leaders who signed the covenant to keep the law,a chief priest; son of Jonathan

· Jedaiah son of Shimri; ancestor of a large influential family of Simeon,son of Harumaph; a builder on the wall of Jerusalem,chief of a division of priests serving in David's sanctuary,son of Joiarib/Jehoiarib; a priest who returned with Zerubbabel,a priest who returned with Zerubbabel

· Jehohanan son of Kareah; a militia leader who rallied to Gedaliah,son of King Josiah,son of Eli-O-Enai, a descendant of Hananiah, Zerubbabel and David,a high priest; son of Azariah I,a Benjamite man who defected to David at Ziklag,Gadite officer who defected to David in the wilderness,a man of Ephraim; father of Azariah, who opposed Israel's taking Judeans captive,son of Hakkatan; head of a family group descended from Azgad who returned from exile,a Levite leader during the time of Nehemiah,son of Eliashib; a chief priest

· Jehonathan a Levite whom King Jehoshaphat sent to teach the law in the cities of Judah,priest and head of the house of Shemaiah under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah

· Jeremiah a prophet of Judah in 627 B.C., who wrote the book of Jeremiah,a man of Libnah; father of Hamutal, mother of Jehoahaz, king of Judah,head of an important clan in eastern Manasseh in the time of Jotham,a Benjamite man who defected to David at Ziklag,the fifth of Saul's Gadite officers who defected to David in the wilderness,the tenth of Saul's Gadite officers who defected to David in the wilderness,a man from Anathoth of Benjamin; son of Hilkiah the priest; a major prophet in the time of the exile,an influential priest who returned from exile with Zerubbabel, who later signed the covenant to obey the law, and who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,one of Saul's Gadite officers who defected to David in the wilderness

· Jeshua chief of a division of priests serving in David's sanctuary,a man a Levite assistant to Kore in managing the free will offerings of the temple under King Hezekiah,a chief priest and leader among those who returned from exile with Zerubbabel; son of Jozadak; father of Joiakim,father of Jozabad, a Levite on duty in the time of Ezra,a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon,the father of Ezer who helped to repair the wall,a Levite who helped Ezra explain the reading of the law; son of Kadmiel,son of Nun; successor of Moses,son of Azaniah; a Levite leader who signed the covenant to obey God's law,a town of Judah

· Johanan son of Kareah; a militia leader who rallied to Gedaliah,son of King Josiah,son of Eli-O-Enai, a descendant of Hananiah, Zerubbabel and David,a high priest; son of Azariah I,a Benjamite man who defected to David at Ziklag,Gadite officer who defected to David in the wilderness,a man of Ephraim; father of Azariah, who opposed Israel's taking Judeans captive,son of Hakkatan; head of a family group descended from Azgad who returned from exile,a Levite leader during the time of Nehemiah,son of Eliashib; a chief priest

· Joiakim son of Jeshua; high priest in Ezra and Nehemiah's time

· Joiarib one of the leaders Ezra sent to Iddo to ask for recruits,son of Zechariah of Judah,priest and leader among those who returned from exile with Zerubbabel; signer of the contract to obey Moses' law

· Jonathan a man who was a descendant of Gershom son of Moses,son of Saul of Benjamin,son of the high priest Abiathar in David's time,the son of Shime-i, David's brother,son of Shammah/Shagee; one of David's military elite,son of Jada of Judah,son of Uzziah; overseer of the country treasuries for King David,a man who was uncle and counselor of King David,father of Ebed who accompanied Ezra leading the clan of Adin back from exile,a man who opposed Ezra's reforms; son of Asahel,a chief priest; son of Joiada,priest and head of the house of Malluchi under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah,son of Shemaiah of Asaph of Levi; father of Zechariah,a man who was secretary and dungeon keeper for King Zedekiah; son of Kareah

· Joseph the husband of Mary and foster-father of Jesus,a Jewish man from Arimathea in whose grave the body of Jesus was laid,two different men listed as ancestors of Jesus,a man nominated with Matthias to take the place of Judas Iscariot as apostle,a son of Jacob and Rachel; the father of Ephraim and Manasseh and ruler of Egypt,a brother of Jesus; a son of Mary,a man who was a companion of Paul,son of Jacob and Rachel; patriarch of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh,a tribe, actually two tribes named after Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh,father of Igal, of Issachar, who helped spy out Canaan,son of Asaph the Levite; worship leader under Asaph and King David,a man who put away his heathen wife; an Israelite descended from Binnui,priest and head of the house of Shebaniah under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah

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Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Neh 12:1 Heb “who went up.”

NET Notes: Neh 12:4 Most Hebrew MSS read “Ginnethoi”; the present translation follows a number of Hebrew MSS and the Vulgate (cf. Neh 12:16 and NIV, NCV, NLT)...

NET Notes: Neh 12:7 Heb “brothers” (also in vv. 8, 9, 24, 36).

NET Notes: Neh 12:8 Heb “he and his brothers.”

NET Notes: Neh 12:9 The translation reads וְעֻנִּי (vÿ’unni) with the Qere rather than וְע...

NET Notes: Neh 12:10 Heb “begat.”

NET Notes: Neh 12:14 Most Hebrew MSS read “Shebaniah” (cf. KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV, CEV); the present translation follows the reading of some Hebrew MSS, some LXX...

NET Notes: Neh 12:15 The present translation reads with the Lucianic Greek recension and the Syriac Peshitta לִמְרֵמוֹ...

NET Notes: Neh 12:16 The present translation (along with most English versions) reads with the Qere and the Syriac Peshitta לְעִדּ•...

NET Notes: Neh 12:17 Or “of Miniamin, …; of Moadiah, Piltai,” where the name of the leader of the family of Miniamin has dropped out of the text due to a...

NET Notes: Neh 12:20 The present translation reads סַלּוּ (sallu, cf. NAB, NIV, NCV, NLT “Sallu”) rather than the MT readin...

NET Notes: Neh 12:22 Some scholars delete these words, regarding them as a later scribal addition to the text.

NET Notes: Neh 12:23 Or “the Book of the Annals” (so NRSV); NLT “The Book of History.”

NET Notes: Neh 12:24 Heb “in [accord with] the commandment of.”

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