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Text -- Psalms 22:12 (NET)

Strongs On/Off
Context
22:12 Many bulls surround me; powerful bulls of Bashan hem me in.
Parallel   Cross Reference (TSK)   ITL  

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Bashan a region east of Lake Galilee between Mt. Hermon and Wadi Yarmuk


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Wicked | Praise | Poetry | Persecution | PSALMS, BOOK OF | KING, CHRIST AS | Jesus, The Christ | JESUS CHRIST, 2 | Hind | HORSE | HIND OF THE MORNING, THE | David | Cattle | Beast | Bashan | Aijeleth Shahar | Afflictions and Adversities | ATONEMENT | ACCOMMODATION | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Calvin , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable

Other
Evidence

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Wesley: Psa 22:12 - -- Wicked and violent, and potent enemies; for such are so called, Eze 39:18; Amo 4:1.

Wicked and violent, and potent enemies; for such are so called, Eze 39:18; Amo 4:1.

Wesley: Psa 22:12 - -- As the cattle there bred were, and therefore fierce and furious.

As the cattle there bred were, and therefore fierce and furious.

JFB: Psa 22:12-13 - -- His enemies, with the vigor of bulls and rapacity of lions, surround him, eagerly seeking his ruin. The force of both figures is greater without the u...

His enemies, with the vigor of bulls and rapacity of lions, surround him, eagerly seeking his ruin. The force of both figures is greater without the use of any particle denoting comparison.

Clarke: Psa 22:12 - -- Many bulls have compassed me - The bull is the emblem of brutal strength, that gores and tramples down all before it. Such was Absalom, Ahithophel, ...

Many bulls have compassed me - The bull is the emblem of brutal strength, that gores and tramples down all before it. Such was Absalom, Ahithophel, and others, who rose up in rebellion against David; and such were the Jewish rulers who conspired against Christ

Clarke: Psa 22:12 - -- Strong bulls of Bashan - Bashan was a district beyond Jordan, very fertile, where they were accustomed to fatten cattle, which became, in consequenc...

Strong bulls of Bashan - Bashan was a district beyond Jordan, very fertile, where they were accustomed to fatten cattle, which became, in consequence of the excellent pasture, the largest, as well as the fattest, in the country. See Calmet. All in whose hands were the chief power and influence became David’ s enemies; for Absalom had stolen away the hearts of all Israel. Against Christ, the chiefs both of Jews and Gentiles were united.

Calvin: Psa 22:12 - -- 12.Strong bulls have encompassed me The Psalmist now complains of the cruelty and barbarous rage of his enemies; and he compares them first to bulls,...

12.Strong bulls have encompassed me The Psalmist now complains of the cruelty and barbarous rage of his enemies; and he compares them first to bulls, secondly to lions, and thirdly to dogs. When the anger of bulls is kindled, we know how fierce and terrible they are. The lion, also, is a cruel beast, and dreadful to mankind. And the eager and fierce boldness with which dogs, when once they are irritated, rush upon a man to do him injury, is well known. In short, David’s enemies were so blood-thirsty and cruel, that they more resembled wild beasts than men. He calls them not simply bulls, but strong bulls. Instead of rendering the original word רבים , rabbim, strong, as we have done, some would render it many: with which I cannot agree. David, it is true, was assailed by great hosts of enemies; but it appears, from the second clause of the verse, that what is here described is their strength, and not their number. He there terms them the bulls of Bashan; meaning by that expression, well-fed bulls, and, consequently, large and strong: for we know that the hill of Bashan was distinguished for rich and fat pastures. 511

TSK: Psa 22:12 - -- Many : Psa 68:30; Jer 50:11 strong : Deu 32:14, Deu 32:15; Isa 34:7; Eze 39:18; Amo 4:1-3; Mat 27:1; Act 4:27

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Psa 22:12 - -- Many bulls have compassed me - Men with the fierceness and fury of bulls. Compare Isa 51:20; Psa 68:30. Strong bulls of Bashan - The coun...

Many bulls have compassed me - Men with the fierceness and fury of bulls. Compare Isa 51:20; Psa 68:30.

Strong bulls of Bashan - The country of Bashan embraced the territory which was on the east of the Jordan, north of Gilead, which was given to the half tribe of Manasseh: compare Gen 14:5 with Jos 12:4-6. It was distinguished as pasture land for its richness. Its trees and its breed of cattle are frequently referred to in the Scriptures. Thus in Deu 32:14, "rams of the breed of Bashan"are mentioned; in Isa 2:13, Zec 11:2, "oaks of Bashan"are mentioned in connection with the cedars of Lebanon; in Amo 4:1, "the kine of Bashan"are mentioned. The bulls of Bashan are here alluded to as remarkable for their size, their strength, and their fierceness; and are designed to represent men that were fierce, savage, and violent. As applied to the Redeemer, the allusion is to the fierce and cruel men that persecuted him and sought his life. No one can doubt that the allusion is applicable to his persecutors and murderers; and no one can show that the thought indicated by this phrase also may not have passed through the mind of the Redeemer when on the cross.

Poole: Psa 22:12 - -- Bulls wicked, and violent, and potent enemies; for such are so called, Eze 39:18 Amo 4:1 . Strong bulls of Bashan i.e. fat and lusty, as the cattle...

Bulls wicked, and violent, and potent enemies; for such are so called, Eze 39:18 Amo 4:1 .

Strong bulls of Bashan i.e. fat and lusty, as the cattle there bred were, Deu 3:13 32:14 , and therefore fierce and furious.

Gill: Psa 22:12 - -- Many bulls have compassed me,.... By whom are meant the chief priests, elders, Scribes, and Pharisees, among the Jews, and Herod and Pontius Pilate am...

Many bulls have compassed me,.... By whom are meant the chief priests, elders, Scribes, and Pharisees, among the Jews, and Herod and Pontius Pilate among the Gentiles, comparable to bulls for their fierceness, rage, and fury against Christ, Psa 2:1; and for their pushing at him with their horns of power and authority, and for their trampling him under their feet, his person and offices; these compassed him about at his apprehension, arraignment, trial, and condemnation; and there were many of them to one child, Jesus:

strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round; Bashan was a very fruitful country, in which cattle of various sorts, and bulls among the rest, were fed and fattened; see Deu 32:14; bulls are noted for their strength in other writers a. Hence great men, who abounded in riches and power, and used them to the oppression of the poor, are compared to the kine of Bashan, Amo 4:1; and a very fit name this was for the kings and princes of the earth; for Caiaphas, Annas, and the chief priests, that lived upon the fat of the land, who beset Christ around, and employed all their power and policy to take him and bring him to death; nor is it unusual with Heathen writers b to compare great personages to bulls.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Psa 22:12 Bashan, located east of the Jordan River, was well-known for its cattle. See Ezek 39:18; Amos 4:1.

Geneva Bible: Psa 22:12 Many bulls have compassed me: strong ( g ) [bulls] of Bashan have beset me round. ( g ) He means that his enemies were so fat, proud and cruel that t...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Psa 22:1-31 - --1 David complains in great discouragement.9 He prays in great distress.23 He praises God.

MHCC: Psa 22:11-21 - --In these verses we have Christ suffering, and Christ praying; by which we are directed to look for crosses, and to look up to God under them. The very...

Matthew Henry: Psa 22:11-21 - -- In these verses we have Christ suffering and Christ praying, by which we are directed to look for crosses and to look up to God under them. I. Here ...

Keil-Delitzsch: Psa 22:12-13 - -- (Heb.: 22:13-14) Looking back upon his relationship to God, which has existed from the earliest times, the sufferer has become somewhat more calm, ...

Constable: Psa 22:1-31 - --Psalm 22 The mood of this psalm contrasts dramatically with that of Psalm 21. In this one David felt for...

Constable: Psa 22:10-17 - --2. Foes and fatigue 22:11-18 22:11 David cried out to God to be near him with saving help since he was in great danger and there was no one to assist ...

Constable: Psa 22:11-14 - --David's enemies and agony 22:12-15 22:12-13 The psalmist felt he was at the mercy of his enemies as a person is in the presence of a dangerous bull or...

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Commentary -- Other

Evidence: Psa 22:12-18 Messianic prophecy : This was clearly fulfilled in the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth. See Joh 19:28 ; Joh 19:37 ; Luk 23:35 ; and Mat 27:35 . ...

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Introduction / Outline

JFB: Psalms (Book Introduction) The Hebrew title of this book is Tehilim ("praises" or "hymns"), for a leading feature in its contents is praise, though the word occurs in the title ...

JFB: Psalms (Outline) ALEPH. (Psa 119:1-8). This celebrated Psalm has several peculiarities. It is divided into twenty-two parts or stanzas, denoted by the twenty-two let...

TSK: Psalms (Book Introduction) The Psalms have been the general song of the universal Church; and in their praise, all the Fathers have been unanimously eloquent. Men of all nation...

TSK: Psalms 22 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Psa 22:1, David complains in great discouragement; Psa 22:9, He prays in great distress; Psa 22:23, He praises God. am 2962, bc 1042. (T...

Poole: Psalms (Book Introduction) OF PSALMS THE ARGUMENT The divine authority of this Book of PSALMS is so certain and evident, that it was never questioned in the church; which b...

Poole: Psalms 22 (Chapter Introduction) THE ARGUMENT That question mentioned Act 8:34 , is very proper here. Of whom speaketh the prophet this (Psalm)? of himself, or of some other man? ...

MHCC: Psalms (Book Introduction) David was the penman of most of the psalms, but some evidently were composed by other writers, and the writers of some are doubtful. But all were writ...

MHCC: Psalms 22 (Chapter Introduction) (Psa 22:1-10) Complaints of discouragement. (Psa 22:11-21) With prayer for deliverance. (Psa 22:22-31) Praises for mercies and redemption.

Matthew Henry: Psalms (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Book of Psalms We have now before us one of the choicest and most excellent parts of all the Old Te...

Matthew Henry: Psalms 22 (Chapter Introduction) The Spirit of Christ, which was in the prophets, testifies in this psalm, as clearly and fully as any where in all the Old Testament, " the sufferi...

Constable: Psalms (Book Introduction) Introduction Title The title of this book in the Hebrew Bible is Tehillim, which means...

Constable: Psalms (Outline) Outline I. Book 1: chs. 1-41 II. Book 2: chs. 42-72 III. Book 3: chs. 73...

Constable: Psalms Psalms Bibliography Allen, Ronald B. "Evidence from Psalm 89." In A Case for Premillennialism: A New Consensus,...

Haydock: Psalms (Book Introduction) THE BOOK OF PSALMS. INTRODUCTION. The Psalms are called by the Hebrew, Tehillim; that is, hymns of praise. The author, of a great part of ...

Gill: Psalms (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO PSALMS The title of this book may be rendered "the Book of Praises", or "Hymns"; the psalm which our Lord sung at the passover is c...

Gill: Psalms 22 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO PSALM 22 To the chief Musician upon Aijeleth Shahar, a Psalm of David. The only thing observable in the title of this psalm is the ...

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