Text -- Psalms 25:1-22 (NET)

Psalm 25

25:1 By David. O Lord, I come before you in prayer. 25:2 My God, I trust in you. Please do not let me be humiliated; do not let my enemies triumphantly rejoice over me! 25:3 Certainly none who rely on you will be humiliated. Those who deal in treachery will be thwarted and humiliated. 25:4 Make me understand your ways, O Lord! Teach me your paths! 25:5 Guide me into your truth and teach me. For you are the God who delivers me; on you I rely all day long. 25:6 Remember your compassionate and faithful deeds, O Lord, for you have always acted in this manner. 25:7 Do not hold against me the sins of my youth or my rebellious acts! Because you are faithful to me, extend to me your favor, O Lord! 25:8 The Lord is both kind and fair; that is why he teaches sinners the right way to live. 25:9 May he show the humble what is right! May he teach the humble his way! 25:10 The Lord always proves faithful and reliable to those who follow the demands of his covenant. 25:11 For the sake of your reputation, O Lord, forgive my sin, because it is great. 25:12 The Lord shows his faithful followers the way they should live. 25:13 They experience his favor; their descendants inherit the land. 25:14 The Lord’s loyal followers receive his guidance, and he reveals his covenantal demands to them. 25:15 I continually look to the Lord for help, for he will free my feet from the enemy’s net. 25:16 Turn toward me and have mercy on me, for I am alone and oppressed! 25:17 Deliver me from my distress; rescue me from my suffering! 25:18 See my pain and suffering! Forgive all my sins! 25:19 Watch my enemies, for they outnumber me; they hate me and want to harm me. 25:20 Protect me and deliver me! Please do not let me be humiliated, for I have taken shelter in you! 25:21 May integrity and godliness protect me, for I rely on you! 25:22 O God, rescue Israel from all their distress!

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Psa 25:1

¹ sn Psalm 25. The psalmist asks for divine protection, guidance and forgiveness as he affirms his loyalty to and trust in the Lord. This psalm is an acrostic; every verse begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet, except for v. 18, which, like v. 19, begins with ר (resh) instead of the expected ק (qof). The final verse, which begins with פ (pe), stands outside the acrostic scheme.

² tn Heb “to you, O Lord, my life I lift up.” To “lift up” one’s “life” to the Lord means to express one’s trust in him through prayer. See Pss 86:4; 143:8.

NET Notes: Psa 25:3

¹ tn Heb “those who deal in treachery in vain.” The adverb רֵיקָם (reqam, “in vain”) probably refers to the failure (or futility) of their efforts. Another option is to understand it as meaning “without cause” (cf. NIV “without excuse”; NRSV “wantonly treacherous”).

NET Notes: Psa 25:4

¹ sn Teach me your paths. In this context the Lord’s “ways” and “paths” refer to the moral principles which the Lord prescribes for his followers. See vv. 8-10.

NET Notes: Psa 25:5

¹ sn The Lord’s commandments are referred to as truth here because they are a trustworthy and accurate expression of the divine will.

NET Notes: Psa 25:6

¹ tn That is, “remember” with the intention of repeating.

² tn Heb “for from antiquity [are] they.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:7

¹ tn Heb “do not remember,” with the intention of punishing.

² sn That is, the sins characteristic of youths, who lack moral discretion and wisdom.

³ tn Heb “according to your faithfulness, remember me, you, for the sake of your goodness, O Lord.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:8

¹ tn Heb “good and just.”

² tn Heb “teaches sinners in the way.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:9

¹ tn The prefixed verbal form is jussive; the psalmist expresses his prayer.

² tn Heb “may he guide the humble into justice.” The Hebrew term עֲנָוִים (’anavim, “humble”) usually refers to the oppressed, but in this context, where the psalmist confesses his sin and asks for moral guidance, it apparently refers to sinners who humble themselves before God and seek deliverance from their sinful condition.

³ tn The prefixed verbal form is interpreted as a jussive (it stands parallel to the jussive form, “may he guide”).

NET Notes: Psa 25:10

¹ tn Heb “all the paths of the Lord are faithful and trustworthy.” The Lord’s “paths” refer here to his characteristic actions.

² tn Heb “to the ones who keep his covenant and his testimonies.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:11

¹ tn Heb “name.” By forgiving the sinful psalmist, the Lord’s reputation as a merciful God will be enhanced.

² sn Forgive my sin, because it is great. The psalmist readily admits his desperate need for forgiveness.

NET Notes: Psa 25:12

¹ tn Heb “Who is this man, the one who fears the Lord? He will instruct him in the way he should choose.” The singular (note “man”) is representative here (see v. 14, where the plural is used), and has thus been translated as a plural (“followers…they”).

NET Notes: Psa 25:13

¹ tn Heb “his life in goodness dwells.” The singular is representative (see v. 14).

² tn Or “offspring”; Heb “seed.”

³ tn Or “earth.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:14

¹ tn Heb “the advice of the Lord belongs to those who fear him.”

² tn Heb “and his covenant, to make them know.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:15

¹ tn Heb “my eyes continually [are] toward the Lord.”

² tn Heb “for he will bring out from a net my feet.” The hostility of the psalmist’s enemies is probably in view (see v. 19).

NET Notes: Psa 25:16

¹ tn That is, helpless and vulnerable.

NET Notes: Psa 25:17

¹ tc Heb “the distresses of my heart, they make wide.” The text makes little if any sense as it stands, unless this is an otherwise unattested intransitive use of the Hiphil of רָחַב (rakhav, “be wide”). It is preferable to emend the form הִרְחִיבוּ (hirkhivu; Hiphil perfect third plural “they make wide”) to הַרְחֵיב (harkhev; Hiphil imperative masculine singular “make wide”). (The final vav [ו] can be joined to the following word and taken as a conjunction.) In this case one can translate, “[in/from] the distresses of my heart, make wide [a place for me],” that is, “deliver me from the distress I am experiencing.” For the expression “make wide [a place for me],” see Ps 4:1.

² tn Heb “from my distresses lead me out.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:18

¹ tn Heb “lift up all my sins.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:19

¹ tn Heb “see my enemies for they are numerous, and [with] violent hatred they hate me.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:20

¹ tn Or “my life.”

NET Notes: Psa 25:22

¹ tn Or “redeem.”

² tn Heb “his distresses.”

sn O God, rescue Israel from all their distress. It is possible that the psalmist speaks on behalf of the nation throughout this entire psalm. Another option is that v. 22 is a later addition to the psalm which applies an original individual lament to the covenant community. If so, it may reflect an exilic setting.