Text -- Psalms 90:1-9 (NET)

Book 4
(Psalms 90-106)

Psalm 90

90:1 A prayer of Moses, the man of God. O Lord, you have been our protector through all generations! 90:2 Even before the mountains came into existence, or you brought the world into being, you were the eternal God. 90:3 You make mankind return to the dust, and say, “Return, O people!” 90:4 Yes, in your eyes a thousand years are like yesterday that quickly passes, or like one of the divisions of the nighttime. 90:5 You bring their lives to an end and they “fall asleep.” In the morning they are like the grass that sprouts up; 90:6 in the morning it glistens and sprouts up; at evening time it withers and dries up. 90:7 Yes, we are consumed by your anger; we are terrified by your wrath. 90:8 You are aware of our sins; you even know about our hidden sins. 90:9 Yes, throughout all our days we experience your raging fury; the years of our lives pass quickly, like a sigh.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Psa 90:1

¹ sn Psalm 90. In this communal lament the worship leader affirms that the eternal God and creator of the world has always been Israel’s protector. But God also causes men, who are as transient as grass, to die, and in his fierce anger he decimates his covenant community, whose brief lives are filled with suffering and end in weakness. The community asks for wisdom, the restoration of God’s favor, a fresh revelation of his power, and his blessing upon their labors.

² tn Or “place of safety.” See Ps 71:3.

NET Notes: Psa 90:2

¹ tn Heb “were born.”

² tn Heb “and you gave birth to the earth and world.” The Polel verbal form in the Hebrew text pictures God giving birth to the world. The LXX and some other ancient textual witnesses assume a polal (passive) verbal form here. In this case the earth becomes the subject of the verb and the verb is understood as third feminine singular rather than second masculine singular.

³ tn Heb “and from everlasting to everlasting you [are] God.” Instead of אֵל (’el, “God”) the LXX reads אַל (’al, “not”) and joins the negative particle to the following verse, making the verb תָּשֵׁב (tashev) a jussive. In this case v. 3a reads as a prayer, “do not turn man back to a low place.” However, taking תָּשֵׁב as a jussive is problematic in light of the following following wayyiqtol form וַתֹּאמֶר (vato’mer, “and you said/say”).

NET Notes: Psa 90:3

¹ tn In this context the shortened prefix form does not function as a preterite, but indicates what is typical of the world.

² tn The Hebrew term דַּכָּא (daka’) carries the basic sense of “crushed.” Elsewhere it refers to those who are “crushed” in spirit or contrite of heart (see Ps 34:18; Isa 57:15). If one understands this nuance here, then v. 3 is observing that God leads mankind to repentance (the term שׁוּב, shuv, “return,” which appears twice in this verse, is sometimes used of repentance.) However, the following context laments mankind’s mortality and the brevity of life, so it is doubtful if v. 3 should be understood so positively. It is more likely that דַּכָּא here refers to “crushed matter,” that is, the dust that fills the grave (see HALOT 221 s.v. s.v. I דַּכָּא; BDB 194 s.v. דַּכָּא). In this case one may hear an echo of Gen 3:19.

NET Notes: Psa 90:4

¹ tn Or “for.”

² sn The divisions of the nighttime. The ancient Israelites divided the night into distinct periods, or “watches.”

NET Notes: Psa 90:5

¹ tn Heb “you bring them to an end [with] sleep.” The Hebrew verb זָרַם (zaram) has traditionally been taken to mean “flood” or “overwhelm” (note the Polel form of a root זרם in Ps 77:17, where the verb is used of the clouds pouring down rain). However, the verb form here is Qal, not Polel, and is better understood as a homonym meaning “to make an end [of life].” The term שֵׁנָה (shenah, “sleep”) can be taken as an adverbial accusative; it is a euphemism here for death (see Ps 76:5-6).

NET Notes: Psa 90:6

¹ tn Or “flourishes.” The verb is used of a crown shining in Ps 132:18. Perhaps here in Ps 90:6 it refers to the glistening of the grass in the morning dew.

² tn The Polel form of this verb occurs only here. Perhaps the form should be emended to a Qal (which necessitates eliminating the final lamed [ל] as dittographic). See Ps 37:2.

NET Notes: Psa 90:7

¹ tn Or “for.”

NET Notes: Psa 90:8

¹ tn Heb “you set our sins in front of you.”

² tn Heb “what we have hidden to the light of your face.” God’s face is compared to a light or lamp that exposes the darkness around it.

NET Notes: Psa 90:9

¹ tn Or “for.”

² tn Heb “all our days pass by in your anger.”

³ tn Heb “we finish our years like a sigh.” In Ezek 2:10 the word הֶגֶה (hegeh) elsewhere refers to a grumbling or moaning sound. Here a brief sigh or moan is probably in view. If so, the simile pictures one’s lifetime as transient. Another option is that the simile alludes to the weakness that characteristically overtakes a person at the end of one’s lifetime. In this case the phrase could be translated, “we end our lives with a painful moan.”