Text -- Revelation 12:15-17 (NET)

12:15 Then the serpent spouted water like a river out of his mouth after the woman in an attempt to sweep her away by a flood, 12:16 but the earth came to her rescue; the ground opened up and swallowed the river that the dragon had spewed from his mouth. 12:17 So the dragon became enraged at the woman and went away to make war on the rest of her children, those who keep God’s commandments and hold to the testimony about Jesus. And the dragon stood on the sand of the seashore.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Rev 12:15

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

² tn Grk “so that he might make her swept away.”

NET Notes: Rev 12:16

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.

² tn Grk “the earth helped the woman.”

³ tn Grk “the earth opened its mouth” (a metaphor for the ground splitting open).

NET Notes: Rev 12:17

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the woman’s escape.

² tn Grk “her seed” (an idiom for offspring, children, or descendants).

³ tn Or “who obey.”

⁴ tn Grk “and having.”

⁵ tn Grk “the testimony of Jesus,” which may involve a subjective genitive (“Jesus’ testimony”) or, more likely, an objective genitive (“testimony about Jesus”).

⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the dragon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁷ tc Grk ἐστάθη (estaqh, “he stood”). The reading followed by the translation is attested by the better mss (Ì⁴⁷ א A C 1854 2344 2351 pc lat sy^h) while the majority of mss (051 Ï vg^mss sy^ph co) have the reading ἐστάθην (estaqhn, “I stood”). Thus, the majority of mss make the narrator, rather than the dragon of 12:17, the subject of the verb. The first person reading is most likely an assimilation to the following verb in 13:1, “I saw.” The reading “I stood” was introduced either by accident or to produce a smoother flow, giving the narrator a vantage point on the sea’s edge from which to observe the beast rising out of the sea in 13:1. But almost everywhere else in the book, the phrase καὶ εἶδον (kai eidon, “and I saw”) marks a transition to a new vision, without reference to the narrator’s activity. On both external and internal grounds, it is best to adopt the third person reading, “he stood.”

⁸ tn Or “sandy beach” (L&N 1.64).

⁹ sn The standard critical texts of the Greek NT, NA²⁷ and UBS⁴, both include this sentence as 12:18, as do the RSV and NRSV. Other modern translations like the NASB and NIV include the sentence at the beginning of 13:1; in these versions chap. 12 has only 17 verses.