Pride [nave]
PRIDE.Ex. 18:10, 11; Lev. 26:19; Deut. 8:11-14, 17-20; Judg. 9:14, 15; 1 Sam. 2:3-5; 1 Kin. 20:11; 2 Kin. 14:9, 10 2 Chr. 25:18, 19. Job 11:12; Job 12:2, 3; Job 13:2, 5; Job 15:1-13; Job 18:3, 4; Job 21:31, 32; Job 32:9-13; Job 37:24; Psa. 9:20; Psa. 10:2-6, 11; Psa. 12:3, 4; Psa. 18:27; Psa. 31:23; Psa. 49:11; Psa. 52:7; Psa. 73:6, 8, 9; Psa. 75:4-6; Psa. 101:5; Psa. 119:21, 69, 70, 78; Psa. 138:6; Prov. 3:34; Prov. 6:16, 17; Prov. 8:13; Prov. 10:17; Prov. 11:2, 12; Prov. 12:9, 15; Prov. 13:10; Prov. 14:21; Prov. 15:5, 10, 12, 25, 32; Prov. 16:5, 18, 19; Prov. 17:19; Prov. 18:11, 12; Prov. 20:6; Prov. 21:4, 24; Prov. 25:14, 27; Prov. 26:5, 12, 16; Prov. 27:2; Prov. 28:11, 25; Prov. 29:8, 23; Prov. 30:12, 13; Isa. 2:11-17; Isa. 3:16-26; Isa. 5:8, 15; Isa. 9:9, 10; Isa. 10:5-16; Isa. 13:11; Isa. 14:12-16; Isa. 22:16, 19; Isa. 23:7, 9; Isa. 24:4, 21; Isa. 26:5; Isa. 28:3; Isa. 47:7-10; Jer. 9:23, 24; Jer. 13:9, 15, 17; Jer. 48:7, 14, 15, 29 Isa. 16:6, 7. Jer. 49:4, 16; Jer. 50:31, 32; Ezek. 16:56; Ezek. 28:2-9, 17; Ezek. 30:6; Ezek. 31:10, 11 vs. 12-14.; Dan. 4:37; Dan. 11:45; Hos. 5:5 Hos. 7:10. Hos. 10:11; Obad. 3, 4; Nah. 3:19; Hab. 2:4, 5, 9; Zeph. 2:10, 15; Zeph. 3:11; Mal. 4:1; Matt. 23:6-8, 10-12 Matt. 20:26, 27; Mark 10:43; Luke 9:46; 18:14. Mark 7:21, 22; Mark 12:38, 39 Luke 20:45-47. Luke 1:51, 52; Luke 11:43; Luke 14:8, 9; Luke 20:46 Matt. 23:6, 7. Rom. 1:22, 29, 30; Rom. 11:17-21, 25; Rom. 12:3, 16; 1 Cor. 1:29; 1 Cor. 3:18; 1 Cor. 4:6-8, 10; 1 Cor. 5:2, 6; 1 Cor. 8:1, 2; 1 Cor. 10:12; 1 Cor. 13:4; 1 Cor. 14:38; 2 Cor. 10:5, 12, 18; 2 Cor. 12:7; Gal. 6:3; Eph. 4:17; Phil. 2:3; 1 Tim. 2:9; 1 Tim. 3:6; 1 Tim. 6:3, 4, 17; 2 Tim. 3:2, 4; Jas. 3:1; Jas. 4:6; 1 Pet. 5:3 v. 5.; 1 John 2:16; Rev. 3:17, 18; Rev. 18:7, 8 See: Rich, The.
Instances of
Ahithophel, 2 Sam. 17:23.
Naaman, refusing to wash in Jordan, 2 Kin. 5:11-13.
Hezekiah, in displaying his resources, 2 Kin. 20:13; 2 Chr. 32:31; Isa. 39:2.
Uzziah, 2 Chr. 26:16-19.
Haman, Esth. 3:5; 5:11, 13; 6:6; 7:10.
Kings of Tyre, Ezek. 28:2.
Nebuchadnezzar, Dan. 4:30-34; 5:20.
See: Ambition.
Pride [baker]
[N] [T] [J]The Old Testament. While pride is sometimes used in the Old Testament in a positive sense (i.e., the "pride" of the land of Israel [Psalm 47:4; Ezek 24:21] or, God's "pride/majesty/excellency" [Exod 15:7; Job 37:4; Isa 2:10]), its negative sense predominates, occurring in sixty-one texts. "Pride" is found mainly in the prophets and the books of poetry.
The main Hebrew root is gh [h'aG]; the most common term is gaon [/a"G], which occurs a total of twenty-three times. Included are the ideas of arrogance, cynical insensitivity to the needs of others, and presumption. Pride is both a disposition/attitude and a type of conduct.
A synonym gaba [H;b"G] means "to be high." While used in a variety of senses, the normal meaning is pride or arrogance, in particular "an inner attitude of pride," often linked with parts of the human body (Isa 2:11,17). There is pride of the eyes (Psalm 101:5; Isa 5:15); of the heart (Eze 28:2,5,17); of the spirit (Prov 16:18; Eccl 7:8); and of one's mouth/speech (1 Sam 2:3). A classic text includes the words "pride," "conceit," "arrogance," and "haughtiness" (Jer 48:29).
Fifteen Old Testament texts (NIV) contain the word "arrogance, " nearly half of them (7) in the prophets (Isa 2:17; 9:9; 13:11; Jer 13:15; 48:29; Ezek 7:10; Hosea 5:5; 7:10). Five references are in poetical texts (Job 35:12; Psalm 10:2; 17:10; 73:8; Prov 8:13), and three others are found in Deuteronomy 1:43; 1 Samuel 2:3; 15:23.
What constitutes a "proud" person? The negative sense points to a sinful individual who shifts ultimate confidence from God to self. In the Wisdom literature, "the proud" are distinct from "the righteous" and "the humble." Here the term is applied to non-Israelites, rather than to Israel. The Septuagint uses hyperephanos [uJperhvfano"], meaning one who is insolent, presumptuous, or arrogant, a scoffer or a mocker (Psalm 119:21, 51; Prov 3:34). When the prophets accuse Israel of pride (Jer 13:9; Ezek 7:10, 20; 16:56; Hosea 5:5; 7:10; Amos 6:8; 8:7; Zeph 2:10), the word hybristes [uJbristhv"] connotes a wanton, insolent person. Thus, in the Old Testament books, the prideful are generally associated with the wicked, the arrogant, the presumptuous, and those who are insolent toward God.
Most of the adjectives joined with "pride" in the Old Testament are negative in connotation, including words such as "stubborn" (Lev 26:19), "overweening" (Isa 16:6), "willful" (Isa 10:12), and "great" (Jer 13:9). In one instance the positive phrase "everlasting pride" describes the status of a restored Zion (Isa 60:15). Most of the synonyms give a negative sense: contempt (Psalm 31:18); wrongdoing (Job 33:17); trust (Psalm 62:10); arrogance (Prov 8:13; Isa 2:11, 17; 9:9); insolence (Isa 16:6); and conceit (Jer 48:29). An exception is "glory" (Isa 4:2).
Finally, in the Old Testament, what are some of the results of pride? It led to Uzziah's downfall (2 Chron 26:16); it hardened the heart of Nebuchadnezzar (Dan 5:20); it goes before destruction (Prov 16:18); it does not seek God (Psalm 10:4); it brings disgrace (Prov 11:2); it breeds quarrels (Prov 13:10); it deceives (Jer 49:16; Obad 1:3); it brings low (Prov 29:23; Isa 2:11; 23:9); it humbles (Isa 2:17; Dan 4:37).
The New Testament. In the New Testament, the abstract use of hybris [u&bri"] (pride) is completely absent. Rather, it refers to ill-treatment, hardship, disaster, or a violent or insolent person (Acts 27:10, 21; 2 Cor 12:10; 1 Tim 1:13). The word hyperephanos [uJperhvfano"] and its derivatives occur six times; twice in the Gospels (Mark 7:22; Luke 1:51) and four times in the Epistles (Rom 1:30; 2 Tim 3:2; James 4:6; 1 Peter 5:5). In its Greek background, the word meant overweening, arrogant, haughty.
mr 7:22 includes arrogance in a list of vices, the only such example in the Gospel texts. (Two other lists are found in Paul's letters [1:29-31; Gal 5:19-23]).
God opposes the proud (Prov 3:34). Both James (4:6) and Peter (1 Peter 5:5) cite this Old Testament text, including the word hyperephanos [uJperhvfano"], the "proud/arrogant" person. It stands in contrast to the word "humble, " a quality that God honors. Paul's list (Rom 1:30) includes hybristes [uJbristhv"], one who behaves arrogantly toward those who are too weak to retaliate.
Finally, a remarkable example of hyperephanos [uJperhvfano"] occurs in the Magnificat (Luke 1:51). Using language largely from the Old Testament, Mary tells how God will scatter the proud—possibly a reference to a specific group in society and political life. They are characterized by suppressing the masses, the poor and humble in Israel. God will overthrow them and exalt the lowly. While his wrath is upon the proud, he will visit the humble in grace.
Walter M. Dunnett
Bibliography. G. Betram, TDNT, 8:295-307, 525-29; V. P. Hamilton, TWOT, 1:143.
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[N] indicates this entry was also found in Nave's Topical Bible
[T] indicates this entry was also found in Torrey's Topical Textbook
[J] indicates this entry was also found in Jack Van Impe's Prophecy Dictionary
PRIDE [bridgeway]
Pride is possibly the most common sin of all. It is the root sin, the means that Satan used in successfully tempting the original humans to rebel against their maker (Gen 3:1-6; 1 John 2:16). It remains a characteristic feature of fallen human nature and one of the hardest evils to overcome (Prov 16:18; Dan 5:20; Obad 3; Mark 7:21-22; Rom 1:28-30).The essence of pride is self-centredness. The pleasure of the proud is not just to have something, but to have more of it than anyone else; not just to be something, but to be better than anyone else (Prov 14:21; Matt 23:5-7,12; 1 John 2:16). Pride causes people to rebel against God because he is above them, and despise fellow human beings because, in their view, they are below them (Exod 5:2; Isa 14:12-15; Luke 18:9-11).
To feel pleasure at being praised is not pride, provided the pleasure comes from having pleased someone else (Matt 25:21). But if the pleasure is that of delighting in oneself or holding a high opinion of oneself, that is pride (Matt 6:2,5; John 12:43). In like manner, to feel pleasure in some other person or thing (to feel proud of it) is not pride in the sinful sense, providing it is only unselfish admiration (Hag 1:8; Gal 6:14). But if the pleasure is a feeling of conceit, the pride is sinful (Isa 25:11; Dan 4:30).
Pride is a sin that is particularly hateful to God (Prov 8:13; 16:5). Those who practise it bring against themselves God’s opposition, and guarantee for themselves a humiliating punishment (Lev 26:19; Prov 29:23; Isa 13:11; 16:6; Dan 4:37; Luke 1:51; 18:14; James 4:6). (See also BOASTING; HUMILITY; HYPOCRISY.)
