1 Chronicles 1:19

1:19 Two sons were born to Eber: the first was named Peleg, for during his lifetime the earth was divided; ¹  his brother’s name was Joktan.

1 Chronicles 1:32

Keturah’s Descendants

1:32 The sons to whom Keturah, Abraham’s concubine, ²  gave birth:

Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, Shuah.

The sons of Jokshan:

Sheba and Dedan.

1 Chronicles 2:18

Caleb’s Descendants

2:18 Caleb son of Hezron fathered sons by his wife Azubah (also known as Jerioth). ³  Her sons were Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.

1 Chronicles 2:21

2:21 Later ⁴  Hezron had sexual relations with ⁵  the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. (He had married ⁶  her when he was sixty years old.) She bore him Segub.

1 Chronicles 2:24

2:24 After Hezron’s death, Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s widow, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa. ⁷ 

1 Chronicles 2:49

2:49 She also bore Shaaph the father of Madmannah and Sheva the father of Machbenah and Gibea. Caleb’s daughter was Achsah.

1 Chronicles 3:1

David’s Descendants

3:1 These were the sons of David who were born to him in Hebron:

The firstborn was Amnon, whose mother was Ahinoam from Jezreel;

the second was Daniel, whose mother was Abigail from Carmel;

1 Chronicles 3:4-5

3:4 These six were born to David ⁸  in Hebron, where he ruled for seven years and six months.

He ruled thirty-three years in Jerusalem. ⁹  3:5 These were the sons born to him in Jerusalem:

Shimea, ¹⁰  Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon – the mother of these four was Bathsheba ¹¹  the daughter of Ammiel. ¹² 

1 Chronicles 4:6

4:6 Naarah bore him Ahuzzam, Hepher, Temeni, and Haahashtari. These were the sons of Naarah.

1 Chronicles 4:12

4:12 Eshton was the father of Beth-Rapha, Paseah, and Tehinnah, the father of Ir Nahash. ¹³  These were the men of Recah.

1 Chronicles 6:10

6:10 Johanan was the father of Azariah, who served as a priest in the temple Solomon built in Jerusalem. ¹⁴ 

1 Chronicles 7:16

7:16 Maacah, Makir’s wife, gave birth to a son, whom she named Peresh. His brother was Sheresh, and his sons were Ulam and Rekem.

1 Chronicles 7:21

7:21 his son Zabad, his son Shuthelah

(Ezer and Elead were killed by the men of Gath, who were natives of the land, when they went down to steal their cattle.

1 Chronicles 7:23

7:23 He had sexual relations with his wife; she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. Ephraim ¹⁵  named him Beriah because tragedy had come to his family. ¹⁶ 

1 Chronicles 20:6

20:6 In a battle in Gath ¹⁷  there was a large man who had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot – twenty-four in all! He too was a descendant of Rapha.

[1:19]  ¹ sn Perhaps this refers to the scattering of the people at Babel (Gen 11:1-9).

[1:32]  ² sn A concubine was a slave woman in ancient Near Eastern societies who was the legal property of her master, but who could have legitimate sexual relations with her master. A concubine’s status was more elevated than a mere servant, but she was not free and did not have the legal rights of a free wife. The children of a concubine could, in some instances, become equal heirs with the children of the free wife. After the period of the Judges concubines may have become more of a royal prerogative (2 Sam 21:10-14; 1 Kgs 11:3).

[2:18]  ³ tn Heb “and Caleb son of Hezron fathered [children] with Azubah, a wife, and with Jerioth.” Jerioth could be viewed as a second wife (so NLT; cf. also NASB, NIV, NRSV), but the following context mentions only “her [presumably Azubah’s] sons.” Another option, the one chosen in the translation, is that Jerioth is another name for Azubah.

[2:21]  ⁴ sn This means “later” in relation to the births of the three sons (Jerahmeel, Ram and Caleb) mentioned in v. 9.

[2:21]  ⁵ tn Heb “Hezron went to.”

[2:21]  ⁶ tn Heb “he took,” referring to taking in marriage.

[2:24]  ⁵ tn Heb “And after the death of Hezron in Caleb Ephrathah, and the wife of Hezron, Abijah, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.” Perhaps one could translate: “After Hezron died in Caleb Ephrathah, Abijah, Hezron’s wife, bore to him Ashhur, the father of Tekoa” (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV). In this case the text suggests that Abijah was born after his father’s death. Because of the awkward syntax and the odd appearance of “Caleb Ephrathah” as a place name, some prefer to emend the text. Some alter בְּכָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה (bÿkhalev ’efratah, “in Caleb Ephrathah”) to בָּא כָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה (bo’ khalev ’efratah, “Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath”) and then change אֲבִיָּה (’aviyyah, “Abijah”) to אָבִיהוּ (’avihu, “his father”). This results in the following translation: “And after Hezron’s death, Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s wife, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa” (cf. NAB). This would mean that Caleb’s second wife Ephrath had actually been his late father’s wife (probably Caleb’s stepmother). Perhaps the text was subsequently altered because Caleb’s actions appeared improper in light of the injunctions in Lev 18:8; 20:11; Deut 22:30; 27:20 (which probably refer, however, to a son having sexual relations with his stepmother while his father is still alive).

[3:4]  ⁶ tn Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:4]  ⁷ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[3:5]  ⁷ tn “Shimea” (שִׁמְעָא, shim’a’) is a variant spelling of “Shammua” (שַׁמּוּעַ, shammua’; see 2 Sam 5:14). Some English versions use the spelling “Shammua” here (e.g., NIV, NCV).

[3:5]  ⁸ tn Most Hebrew mss read “Bathshua” here, but 2 Sam 12:24 makes it clear Bathsheba was Solomon’s mother. “Bathsheba” is read by one Hebrew ms and the Vulgate. Many English translations (e.g., NAB, NIV, NLT) render the name “Bathsheba” to avoid confusion.

[3:5]  ⁹ tn In 2 Sam 11:3 Bathsheba is called “the daughter of Eliam,” while here her father’s name is given as “Ammiel.”

[4:12]  ⁸ tn Or “of the city of Nahash.”

[6:10]  ⁹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[7:23]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Ephraim) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[7:23]  ¹¹ tn Heb “because in tragedy there had come to his house.” The preposition prefixed to רָעָה (ra’ah) should probably be omitted. The Hebrew noun רָעָה (“tragedy”) should be understood as the subject of the feminine verb form that follows.

[20:6]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and there was another battle, in Gath.”