1 Chronicles 18:2-3

18:2 He defeated the Moabites; the Moabites became David’s subjects and brought tribute. ¹ 

18:3 David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority ²  to the Euphrates River. ³ 

1 Chronicles 21:7

21:7 God was also offended by it, ⁴  so he attacked Israel.

1 Chronicles 18:1

David Conquers the Neighboring Nations

18:1 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. He took Gath and its surrounding towns ⁵  away from the Philistines. ⁶ 

1 Chronicles 18:5

18:5 The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans.

1 Chronicles 20:5

20:5 There was another battle with the Philistines in which Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, ⁷  whose spear had a shaft as big as the crossbeam of a weaver’s loom. ⁸ 

1 Chronicles 20:1

20:1 In the spring, at the time when kings normally conduct wars, ⁹  Joab led the army into battle and devastated the land of the Ammonites. He went and besieged Rabbah, while David stayed in Jerusalem. Joab defeated Rabbah and tore it down.

[18:2]  ¹ tn Heb “and the Moabites were servants of David, carriers of tribute.”

[18:3]  ² tn Heb “hand.”

[18:3]  ³ tn Heb “when he went to set up his hand at the Euphrates River.” The Hebrew word יָד (yad, “hand”) is usually understood to mean “control” or “dominion” here. However, since יָד does occasionally refer to a monument, perhaps one could translate, “to set up his monument at the Euphrates River” (i.e., as a visible marker of the limits of his dominion). For another example of the Hiphil of נָצַב (natsav) used with יָד (“monument”), see 1 Sam 15:12.

[21:7]  ³ tn Heb “There was displeasure in the eyes of God concerning this thing.”

[18:1]  ⁴ tn 2 Sam 8:1 identifies this region as “Metheg Ammah.”

[18:1]  ⁵ tn Heb “from the hand of the Philistines.” Here “hand” is figurative language for “control.”

[20:5]  ⁵ tc The Hebrew text reads, “Elchanan son of Jair killed Lachmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite.” But it is likely that the accusative marker in front of לַחְמִי (lakhmiy, “Lachmi”) is a corruption of בֵּית (bet), and that אֶת־לַחְמִי (’et-lakhmiy) should be emended to בֵּית הַלַּחְמִי (bet hallakhmiy, “the Bethlehemite”). See 2 Sam 21:19.

[20:5]  ⁶ tc See tc note on the parallel passage in 2 Sam 21:19.

[20:1]  ⁶ tn Heb “and it was at the time of the turning of the year, at the time of the going out of kings.”