1 Chronicles 18:3

18:3 David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority ¹  to the Euphrates River. ² 

1 Chronicles 18:7

18:7 David took the golden shields which Hadadezer’s servants had carried ³  and brought them to Jerusalem. ⁴ 

1 Chronicles 18:9

18:9 When King Tou ⁵  of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of King Hadadezer of Zobah,

1 Chronicles 18:8

18:8 From Tibhath ⁶  and Kun, ⁷  Hadadezer’s cities, David took a great deal of bronze. (Solomon used it to make the big bronze basin called “The Sea,” ⁸  the pillars, and other bronze items.

1 Chronicles 18:10

18:10 he sent his son Hadoram ⁹  to King David to extend his best wishes ¹⁰  and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Tou had been at war with Hadadezer. ¹¹  He also sent various items made of gold, silver, and bronze. ¹² 

1 Chronicles 19:16

19:16 When the Arameans realized they had been defeated by Israel, they sent for reinforcements from beyond the Euphrates River, ¹³  led by Shophach the commanding general of Hadadezer’s army. ¹⁴ 

1 Chronicles 19:19

19:19 When Hadadezer’s subjects saw they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became his subjects. The Arameans were no longer willing to help the Ammonites.

[18:3]  ¹ tn Heb “hand.”

[18:3]  ² tn Heb “when he went to set up his hand at the Euphrates River.” The Hebrew word יָד (yad, “hand”) is usually understood to mean “control” or “dominion” here. However, since יָד does occasionally refer to a monument, perhaps one could translate, “to set up his monument at the Euphrates River” (i.e., as a visible marker of the limits of his dominion). For another example of the Hiphil of נָצַב (natsav) used with יָד (“monument”), see 1 Sam 15:12.

[18:7]  ³ tn Heb “which were upon the servants of Hadadezer.”

[18:7]  ⁴ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[18:9]  ⁵ tn The name is spelled “Toi” in the parallel text in 2 Sam 8:9.

[18:8]  ⁷ tn The MT reads “Tibhath” here, a variant name for Tebah (cf. 2 Sam 8:8). Some English translations substitute the other version of the name here (e.g., NIV, NLT), while others follow the reading of the Hebrew text at this point (e.g., NAB, NASB, NRSV).

[18:8]  ⁸ tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:8 has the variant name “Berothai.”

[18:8]  ⁹ tn Heb “the sea of bronze,” or “[the] sea, the bronze one.” See the note at 1 Kgs 7:23.

[18:10]  ⁹ tn The name is spelled “Joram” in the parallel text in 2 Sam 8:10.

[18:10]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “to ask concerning him for peace.”

[18:10]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and to bless him because he fought with Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer was a man of battles with Tou.”

[18:10]  ¹² tn Heb “[along with] all items of gold and silver and bronze.”

[19:16]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the River,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[19:16]  ¹² tn Heb “and Aram saw that they were struck down before Israel and they sent messengers and brought out Aram which is beyond the River, and Shophach the commander of the army of Hadadezer [was] before them.”