1 Peter 1:1-13

Salutation

1:1 From Peter, ¹  an apostle of Jesus Christ, to those temporarily residing ²  abroad ³  (in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, the province of Asia, ⁴  and Bithynia) who are chosen ⁵  1:2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father by being set apart by the Spirit for obedience and for sprinkling ⁶  with Jesus Christ’s blood. May grace and peace be yours in full measure! ⁷ 

New Birth to Joy and Holiness

1:3 Blessed be ⁸  the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! By his great mercy he gave us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 1:4 that is, ⁹  into ¹⁰  an inheritance imperishable, undefiled, and unfading. It is reserved in heaven for you, 1:5 who by God’s power are protected through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time. 1:6 This brings you great joy, ¹¹  although you may have to suffer ¹²  for a short time in various trials. 1:7 Such trials show the proven character of your faith, ¹³  which is much more valuable than gold – gold that is tested by fire, even though it is passing away ¹⁴  – and will bring praise ¹⁵  and glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed. ¹⁶  1:8 You ¹⁷  have not seen him, but you love him. You ¹⁸  do not see him now but you believe in him, and so you rejoice ¹⁹  with an indescribable and glorious ²⁰  joy, 1:9 because you are attaining the goal of your faith – the salvation of your souls.

1:10 Concerning this salvation, ²¹  the prophets ²²  who predicted the grace that would come to you ²³  searched and investigated carefully. 1:11 They probed ²⁴  into what person or time ²⁵  the Spirit of Christ within them was indicating when he testified beforehand about the sufferings appointed for Christ ²⁶  and his subsequent glory. ²⁷  1:12 They were shown ²⁸  that they were serving not themselves but you, in regard to the things now announced to you through those who proclaimed the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven – things angels long to catch a glimpse of.

1:13 Therefore, get your minds ready for action ²⁹  by being fully sober, and set your hope ³⁰  completely on the grace that will be brought to you when Jesus Christ is revealed. ³¹ 

[1:1]  ¹ tn Grk “Peter.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.

[1:1]  ² tn Or “to those living as resident aliens,” “to the exiles.” This term is used metaphorically of Christians who live in this world as foreigners, since their homeland is heaven.

[1:1]  ³ tn Grk “in the Diaspora.” The Greek term διασπορά (diaspora, “dispersion”) refers to Jews not living in Palestine but “dispersed” or scattered among the Gentiles. But here it is probably metaphorical, used of Gentile Christians spread out as God’s people in the midst of a godless world.

[1:1]  ⁴ tn Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.

[1:1]  ⁵ tn Or “to the chosen sojourners…” On this reading the phrases in v. 2 describe their entire existence as sojourners, etc., not just their election.

[1:2]  ⁶ sn For obedience and for sprinkling indicates the purpose of their choice or election by God.

[1:2]  ⁷ tn Grk “be multiplied to you.”

[1:3]  ⁸ tn There is no verb in the Greek text; either the optative (“be”) or the indicative (“is”) can be supplied. The meaning of the term εὐλογητός (euloghtos) and the author’s intention at this point in the epistle must both come into play to determine which is the preferred nuance. εὐλογητός as an adjective can mean either that one is praised or that one is blessed, that is, in a place of favor and benefit. Two factors of the author’s style come into play. At this point the author is describing the reality of believers’ salvation and will soon explain believers’ necessary response; this is in emulation of Pauline style which generally follows the same logical order (although the author here discusses the reality in a much more compressed fashion). On the other hand, when imitating the Pauline greeting, which is normally verbless, the author inserts the optative (see v. 2 above). When considered as a whole, although a decision is difficult, the fact that the author in the immediate context has used the optative when imitating a Pauline stylized statement would argue for the optative here. The translation uses the term “blessed” in the sense “worthy of praise” as this is in keeping with the traditional translation of berakah psalms. Cf. also 2 Cor 1:3; Eph 1:3.

[1:4]  ⁹ tn The phrase “that is” is supplied in the translation to indicate that the imperishable inheritance is in apposition to the living hope of v. 3.

[1:4]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “into,” continuing the description of v. 3 without an “and.”

[1:6]  ¹¹ tn Grk “in which you exult.”

[1:6]  ¹² tc ‡ The oldest and best witnesses lack the verb (א* B, along with 1505 pc), but most mss (Ì⁷² א² A C P Ψ 048 33 1739 Ï) have ἐστίν here (estin, “[if] it is [necessary]”). The verb looks to be an explanatory gloss. But if no verb is present, this opens up the time frame in the author’s mind even more, since the conditional particle for both the first class condition and the fourth class condition is εἰ (ei). That may well be what was on the author’s mind, as evidenced by some of his other allusions to suffering in this little letter (3:14, 17). NA²⁷ has the verb in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.

[1:7]  ¹³ tn Or “genuineness,” the result of testing. On the other hand it may denote the process of testing: “that the proving of your faith…may bring praise.”

[1:7]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “which is passing away but is tested by fire,” describing gold in a lesser-to-greater comparison with faith’s proven character.

[1:7]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “that the testing of your faith…may be found unto praise,” showing the result of the trials mentioned in v. 6.

[1:7]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “at the revelation of Jesus Christ” (cf. v. 13).

[1:8]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “whom not having seen, you love.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[1:8]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “in whom not now seeing…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[1:8]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “in whom not now seeing but believing, you exult.” The participles have been translated as finite verbs due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[1:8]  ²⁰ tn Grk “glorified.”

[1:10]  ²¹ tn Grk “about which salvation.”

[1:10]  ²² sn Prophets refers to the OT prophets.

[1:10]  ²³ tn Grk “who prophesied about the grace that is to/for you.”

[1:11]  ²⁴ tn Grk “probing.” The participle continues the sentence from v. 10 but has been translated as an indicative for English style.

[1:11]  ²⁵ tn Or “time or circumstances,” focusing not on the person but on the timing and circumstances of the fulfillment.

[1:11]  ²⁶ tn Grk “the sufferings unto Christ,” i.e., sufferings directed toward him, what he was destined to suffer.

[1:11]  ²⁷ tn Grk “the glories after these things.”

[1:12]  ²⁸ tn Grk “to whom [pl.] it was revealed.”

[1:13]  ²⁹ tn Grk “binding up the loins of your mind,” a figure of speech drawn from the Middle Eastern practice of gathering up long robes around the waist to prepare for work or action.

[1:13]  ³⁰ tn Grk “having bound up…, being sober, set your hope…”

[1:13]  ³¹ tn Grk “at the revelation of Jesus Christ” (cf. v. 7).