1 Peter 4:1-5

4:1 So, since Christ suffered ¹  in the flesh, you also arm yourselves with the same attitude, because the one who has suffered in the flesh has finished with sin, ²  4:2 in that he spends the rest of his time ³  on earth concerned about the will of God and not human desires. 4:3 For the time that has passed was sufficient for you to do what the non-Christians ⁴  desire. ⁵  You lived then ⁶  in debauchery, evil desires, drunkenness, carousing, drinking bouts, ⁷  and wanton idolatries. ⁸  4:4 So ⁹  they are astonished ¹⁰  when you do not rush with them into the same flood of wickedness, and they vilify you. ¹¹  4:5 They will face a reckoning before ¹²  Jesus Christ ¹³  who stands ready to judge the living and the dead.

[4:1]  ¹ tc Most mss (א² A P Ï) add ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν (Juper Jhmwn, “for us”); others (א* 69 1505 pc) add ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν (Juper Jumwn, “for you”), the first hand of א also has ἀποθανόντος (apoqanonto", “since he died”) instead of παθόντος (paqonto", “since he suffered”). But the reading without ὑπὲρ ἡ/ὑμῶν best explains the rise of the other readings, for not only is there confusion as to which pronoun belongs here, but the longer readings, being clarifications, are evidently motivated readings. The shortest reading is found in important and early Alexandrian and Western witnesses (Ì⁷² B C Ψ 0285 323 1739) and is strongly preferred.

[4:1]  ² sn Has finished with sin. The last sentence in v. 1 may refer to Christ as the one who suffered in the flesh (cf. 2:21, 23; 3:18; 4:1a) and the latter part would then mean, “he has finished dealing with sin.” But it is more likely that it refers to the Christian who suffers unjustly (cf. 2:19-20; 3:14, 17). This shows that he has made a break with sin as vs. 2 describes.

[4:2]  ³ tn This verse may give the purpose or result of their “arming” themselves as called for in v. 1b and then the translation would be: “so that you may spend the rest of your time…” But it is better to take it as explanatory of the last phrase in v. 1: what it means to be finished with sin.

[4:3]  ⁴ tn Grk “the Gentiles,” used here of those who are not God’s people.

[4:3]  ⁵ tn Grk “to accomplish the desire of the Gentiles.”

[4:3]  ⁶ tn Grk “having gone along,” referring to the readers’ behavior in time past.

[4:3]  ⁷ tn According to BDAG 857 s.v. πότος the term refers to a social gathering at which wine is served, hence “drinking parties” (cf. TEV, NASB). However, the collocation with the other terms in v. 4 suggests something less sophisticated and more along the lines of wild and frenzied drinking bouts.

[4:3]  ⁸ tn The Greek words here all occur in the plural to describe their common practice in the past.

[4:4]  ⁹ tn Grk “in/by which,” referring to the change of behavior described in v. 3. The unbelievers are astonished by the readers’ moral transformation. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[4:4]  ¹⁰ tn Or “are surprised, are taken aback.” The same verb occurs in 4:12.

[4:4]  ¹¹ tn Grk “blaspheming,” giving the result of their astonishment. Here the target of their “blasphemy/vilification” is not God but the Christian.

[4:5]  ¹² tn Grk “give an account to.”

[4:5]  ¹³ tn Grk “the one”; the referent (Jesus Christ) has been specified in the translation for clarity.