Discovery Box1 Samuel 15:1-20
Context15:1 Then Samuel said to Saul, “I was the one the Lord sent to anoint you as king over his people Israel. Now listen to what the Lord says. 1 15:2 Here is what the Lord of hosts says: ‘I carefully observed how the Amalekites opposed 2 Israel along the way when Israel 3 came up from Egypt. 15:3 So go now and strike down the Amalekites. Destroy everything that they have. Don’t spare 4 them. Put them to death – man, woman, child, infant, ox, sheep, camel, and donkey alike.’”
15:4 So Saul assembled 5 the army 6 and mustered them at Telaim. There were 200,000 foot soldiers and 10,000 men of Judah. 15:5 Saul proceeded to the city 7 of Amalek, where he set an ambush 8 in the wadi. 9 15:6 Saul said to the Kenites, “Go on and leave! Go down from among the Amalekites! Otherwise I will sweep you away 10 with them! After all, you were kind to all the Israelites when they came up from Egypt.” So the Kenites withdrew from among the Amalekites.
15:7 Then Saul struck down the Amalekites all the way from Havilah to 11 Shur, which is next to Egypt. 15:8 He captured King Agag of the Amalekites alive, but he executed all Agag’s people 12 with the sword. 15:9 However, Saul and the army spared Agag, along with the best of the flock, the cattle, the fatlings, 13 and the lambs, as well as everything else that was of value. 14 They were not willing to slaughter them. But they did slaughter everything that was despised 15 and worthless.
15:10 Then the word of the Lord came to Samuel: 15:11 “I regret that I have made Saul king, for he has turned away from me and has not done what I told him to do.” Samuel became angry and he cried out to the Lord all that night.
15:12 Then Samuel got up early to meet Saul the next morning. But Samuel was informed, “Saul has gone to Carmel where 16 he is setting up a monument for himself. Then Samuel left 17 and went down to Gilgal.” 18 15:13 When Samuel came to him, 19 Saul said to him, “May the Lord bless you! I have done what the Lord said.”
15:14 Samuel replied, “If that is the case, 20 then what is this sound of sheep in my ears and the sound of cattle that I hear?” 15:15 Saul said, “They were brought 21 from the Amalekites; the army spared the best of the flocks and cattle to sacrifice to the Lord our God. But everything else we slaughtered.”
15:16 Then Samuel said to Saul, “Wait a minute! 22 Let me tell you what the Lord said to me last night.” Saul 23 said to him, “Tell me.” 15:17 Samuel said, “Is it not true that when you were insignificant in your own eyes, you became head of the tribes of Israel? The Lord chose 24 you as king over Israel. 15:18 The Lord sent you on a campaign 25 saying, ‘Go and exterminate those sinful Amalekites! Fight against them until you 26 have destroyed them.’ 15:19 Why haven’t you obeyed 27 the Lord? Instead you have greedily rushed upon the plunder! You have done what is wrong in the Lord’s estimation.” 28
15:20 Then Saul said to Samuel, “But I have obeyed 29 the Lord! I went on the campaign 30 the Lord sent me on. I brought back King Agag of the Amalekites after exterminating the Amalekites.
[15:1] 1 tn Heb “to the voice of the words of the
[15:2] 2 tn Heb “what Amalek did to Israel, how he placed against him.”
[15:2] 3 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[15:3] 4 tn Or perhaps “don’t take pity on” (cf. CEV).
[15:4] 5 tn Heb “caused the people to hear.”
[15:5] 7 tc The LXX has the plural here, “cities.”
[15:5] 8 tc The translation follows the LXX and Vulgate which assume a reading וַיָּאָרֶב (vayya’arev, “and he set an ambush,” from the root ארב [’rv] with quiescence of alef) rather than the MT, which has וַיָּרֶב (vayyareb, “and he contended,” from the root ריב [ryv]).
[15:5] 9 tn That is, “the dry stream bed.”
[15:6] 10 tc The translation follows the Syriac Peshitta and Vulgate which assume a reading אֶסִפְךָ (’esfÿka, “I sweep you away,” from the root ספה [sfh]) rather than the MT אֹסִפְךָ (’osifÿka, “I am gathering you,” from the root אסף[’sf]).
[15:7] 11 tn Heb “[as] you enter.”
[15:8] 12 tn Heb “all the people.” For clarity “Agag’s” has been supplied in the translation.
[15:9] 13 tn The Hebrew text is difficult here. We should probably read וְהַמַּשְׂמַנִּים (vÿhammasmannim, “the fat ones”) rather than the MT וְהַמִּשְׂנִים (vÿhammisnim, “the second ones”). However, if the MT is retained, the sense may be as the Jewish commentator Kimchi supposed: the second-born young, thought to be better than the firstlings. (For discussion see S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel, 123-24.)
[15:9] 15 tc The MT has here the very odd form נְמִבְזָה (nÿmivzah), but this is apparently due to a scribal error. The translation follows instead the Niphal participle נִבְזָה (nivzah).
[15:12] 17 tn Heb “and he turned and crossed over.”
[15:12] 18 tc At the end of v. 12 the LXX and one Old Latin
[15:14] 20 tn The words “if that is the case” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[15:15] 21 tn Heb “they brought them.”
[15:16] 22 tn Or perhaps “be quiet.”
[15:16] 23 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew
[15:18] 26 tc The translation follows the LXX, the Syriac Peshitta, and the Targum in reading the second person singular suffix (“you”) rather than the third person plural suffix of the MT (“they”).
[15:19] 27 tn Heb “listened to the voice of the
[15:19] 28 tn Heb “you have done what is evil in the eyes of the
