Discovery Box1 Samuel 1:1
Context1:1 There was a man from Ramathaim Zophim, 1 from the hill country of Ephraim, whose name was Elkanah. He was the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite.
1 Samuel 1:1-28
Context1:1 There was a man from Ramathaim Zophim, 2 from the hill country of Ephraim, whose name was Elkanah. He was the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite. 1:2 He had two wives; the name of the first was Hannah and the name of the second was Peninnah. Now Peninnah had children, but Hannah was childless.
1:3 Year after year 3 this man would go up from his city to worship and to sacrifice to the Lord of hosts at Shiloh. It was there that the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phineas, served as the Lord’s priests. 1:4 Whenever the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice, he used to give meat portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters. 1:5 But he would give a double 4 portion to Hannah, because he especially loved her. 5 Now the Lord had not enabled her to have children. 6 1:6 Her rival wife used to upset her and make her worry, 7 for the Lord had not enabled her to have children. 1:7 Peninnah 8 would behave this way year after year. Whenever Hannah 9 went up to the Lord’s house, Peninnah 10 would upset her so that she would weep and refuse to eat. 1:8 Finally her husband Elkanah said to her, “Hannah, why do you weep and not eat? Why are you so sad? 11 Am I not better to you than ten 12 sons?”
1:9 On one occasion in Shiloh, after they had finished eating and drinking, Hannah got up. 13 (Now at the time Eli the priest was sitting in his chair 14 by the doorpost of the Lord’s temple.) 1:10 She was very upset 15 as she prayed to the Lord, and she was weeping uncontrollably. 16 1:11 She made a vow saying, “O Lord of hosts, if you will look with compassion 17 on the suffering of your female servant, 18 remembering me and not forgetting your servant, and give a male child 19 to your servant, then I will dedicate him to the Lord all the days of his life. His hair will never be cut.” 20
1:12 As she continued praying to 21 the Lord, Eli was watching her mouth. 1:13 Now Hannah was speaking from her heart. Although her lips were moving, her voice was inaudible. Eli therefore thought she was drunk. 1:14 So he 22 said to her, “How often do you intend to get drunk? Put away your wine!”
1:15 But Hannah replied, “That’s not the way it is, 23 my lord! I am under a great deal of stress. 24 I have drunk neither wine nor beer. Rather, I have poured out my soul to 25 the Lord. 1:16 Don’t consider your servant a wicked woman, 26 for until now I have spoken from my deep pain and anguish.”
1:17 Eli replied, “Go in peace, and may the God of Israel grant the request that you have asked of him.” 1:18 She said, “May I, your servant, find favor in your sight.” So the woman went her way and got something to eat. 27 Her face no longer looked sad.
1:19 They got up early the next morning and after worshiping the Lord, they returned to their home at Ramah. Elkanah had marital relations with 28 his wife Hannah, and the Lord remembered 29 her. 1:20 After some time Hannah became pregnant and gave birth to a son. She named him Samuel, thinking, “I asked the Lord for him. 30
1:21 This man Elkanah went up with all his family to make the yearly sacrifice to the Lord and to keep his vow, 1:22 but Hannah did not go up with them. 31 Instead she told her husband, “Once the boy is weaned, I will bring him and appear before the Lord, and he will remain there from then on.”
1:23 So her husband Elkanah said to her, “Do what you think best. 32 Stay until you have weaned him. May the Lord fulfill his promise.” 33
So the woman stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him. 1:24 Once she had weaned him, she took him up with her, along with three bulls, an ephah 34 of flour, and a container 35 of wine. She brought him to the Lord’s house at Shiloh, even though he was young. 36 1:25 Once the bull had been slaughtered, they brought the boy to Eli. 1:26 She said, “Just as surely as you are alive, my lord, I am the woman who previously stood here with you in order to pray to the Lord. 1:27 I prayed for this boy, and the Lord has given me the request that I asked of him. 1:28 Now I dedicate him to the Lord. From this time on he is dedicated to the Lord.” Then they 37 worshiped the Lord there.
1 Samuel 17:1-58
Context17:1 38 The Philistines gathered their troops 39 for battle. They assembled at Socoh in Judah. They camped in Ephes Dammim, between Socoh and Azekah. 17:2 Saul and the Israelite army 40 assembled and camped in the valley of Elah, where they arranged their battle lines to fight against 41 the Philistines. 17:3 The Philistines were standing on one hill, and the Israelites 42 on another hill, with the valley between them.
17:4 Then a champion 43 came out from the camp of the Philistines. His name was Goliath; he was from Gath. He was close to seven feet tall. 44 17:5 He had a bronze helmet on his head and was wearing scale body armor. The weight of his bronze body armor was five thousand shekels. 45 17:6 He had bronze shin guards 46 on his legs, and a bronze javelin was slung over his shoulders. 17:7 The shaft 47 of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and the iron point of his spear weighed six hundred shekels. 48 His shield bearer was walking before him.
17:8 Goliath 49 stood and called to Israel’s troops, 50 “Why do you come out to prepare for battle? Am I not the Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose 51 for yourselves a man so he may come down 52 to me! 17:9 If he is able to fight with me and strike me down, we will become your servants. But if I prevail against him and strike him down, you will become our servants and will serve us.” 17:10 Then the Philistine said, “I defy Israel’s troops this day! Give me a man so we can fight 53 each other!” 17:11 When Saul and all the Israelites 54 heard these words of the Philistine, they were upset and very afraid.
17:12 55 Now David was the son of this Ephrathite named Jesse from Bethlehem 56 in Judah. He had eight sons, and in Saul’s days he was old and well advanced in years. 57 17:13 Jesse’s three oldest sons had followed Saul to war. The names of the 58 three sons who went to war were Eliab, his firstborn, Abinadab, the second oldest, and Shammah, the third oldest. 17:14 Now David was the youngest. While the three oldest sons followed Saul, 17:15 David was going back and forth 59 from Saul in order to care for his father’s sheep in Bethlehem.
17:16 Meanwhile for forty days the Philistine approached every morning and evening and took his position. 17:17 Jesse said to his son David, “Take your brothers this ephah of roasted grain and these ten loaves of bread; go quickly 60 to the camp to your brothers. 17:18 Also take these ten portions of cheese to their commanding officer. 61 Find out how your brothers are doing 62 and bring back their pledge that they received the goods. 63 17:19 They are with Saul and the whole Israelite army 64 in the valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines.”
17:20 So David got up early in the morning and entrusted the flock to someone else who would watch over it. 65 After loading up, he went just as Jesse had instructed him. He arrived at the camp 66 as the army was going out to the battle lines shouting its battle cry. 17:21 Israel and the Philistines drew up their battle lines opposite one another. 17:22 After David had entrusted his cargo to the care of the supply officer, 67 he ran to the battlefront. When he arrived, he asked his brothers how they were doing. 17:23 As he was speaking with them, the champion named Goliath, the Philistine from Gath, was coming up from the battle lines of the Philistines. He spoke the way he usually did, 68 and David heard it. 17:24 When all the men of Israel saw this man, they retreated 69 from his presence and were very afraid.
17:25 The men of Israel said, “Have you seen this man who is coming up? He does so 70 to defy Israel. But the king will make the man who can strike him down very wealthy! He will give him his daughter in marriage, and he will make his father’s house exempt from tax obligations in Israel.”
17:26 David asked the men who were standing near him, “What will be done for the man who strikes down this Philistine and frees Israel from this humiliation? 71 For who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he defies the armies of the living God?” 17:27 The soldiers 72 told him what had been promised, saying, 73 “This is what will be done for the man who can strike him down.”
17:28 When David’s 74 oldest brother Eliab heard him speaking to the men, he became angry 75 with David and said, “Why have you come down here? To whom did you entrust those few sheep in the desert? I am familiar with your pride and deceit! 76 You have come down here to watch the battle!”
17:29 David replied, “What have I done now? Can’t I say anything?” 77 17:30 Then he turned from those who were nearby to someone else and asked the same question, 78 but they 79 gave him the same answer as before. 17:31 When David’s words were overheard and reported to Saul, he called for him. 80
17:32 David said to Saul, “Don’t let anyone be discouraged. 81 Your servant will go and fight this Philistine!” 17:33 But Saul replied to David, “You aren’t able to go against this Philistine and fight him! You’re just a boy! He has been a warrior from his youth!”
17:34 David replied to Saul, “Your servant has been a shepherd for his father’s flock. Whenever a lion or bear would come and carry off a sheep from the flock, 17:35 I would go out after it, strike it down, and rescue the sheep from its mouth. If it rose up against me, I would grab it by its jaw, strike it, and kill it. 17:36 Your servant has struck down both the lion and the bear. This uncircumcised Philistine will be just like one of them. 82 For he has defied the armies of the living God!” 17:37 David went on to say, “The Lord who delivered me from the lion and the bear will also deliver me from the hand of this Philistine!” Then Saul said to David, “Go! The Lord will be with you.” 83
17:38 Then Saul clothed David with his own fighting attire and put a bronze helmet on his head. He also put body armor on him. 17:39 David strapped on his sword over his fighting attire and tried to walk around, but he was not used to them. 84 David said to Saul, “I can’t walk in these things, for I’m not used to them.” So David removed them. 17:40 He took his staff in his hand, picked out five smooth stones from the stream, placed them in the pouch 85 of his shepherd’s bag, took his sling in hand, and approached the Philistine.
17:41 86 The Philistine kept coming closer to David, with his shield bearer walking in front of him. 17:42 When the Philistine looked carefully at David, he despised him, for he was only a ruddy and handsome boy. 17:43 The Philistine said to David, “Am I a dog, that you are coming after me with sticks?” 87 Then the Philistine cursed David by his gods. 17:44 The Philistine said to David, “Come here to me, so I can give your flesh to the birds of the sky and the wild animals of the field!” 88
17:45 But David replied to the Philistine, “You are coming against me with sword and spear and javelin. But I am coming against you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel’s armies, whom you have defied! 17:46 This very day the Lord will deliver you into my hand! I will strike you down and cut off your head. This day I will give the corpses of the Philistine army to the birds of the sky and the wild animals of the land. Then all the land will realize that Israel has a God 17:47 and all this assembly will know that it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves! For the battle is the Lord’s, and he will deliver you into our hand.”
17:48 The Philistine drew steadily closer to David to attack him, while David quickly ran toward the battle line to attack the Philistine. 89 17:49 David reached his hand into the bag and took out a stone. He slung it, striking the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank deeply into his forehead, and he fell down with his face to the ground.
17:50 90 David prevailed over the Philistine with just the sling and the stone. He struck down the Philistine and killed him. David did not even have a sword in his hand. 91 17:51 David ran and stood over the Philistine. He grabbed Goliath’s 92 sword, drew it from its sheath, 93 killed him, and cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw their champion was dead, they ran away.
17:52 Then the men of Israel and Judah charged forward, shouting a battle cry. 94 They chased the Philistines to the valley 95 and to the very gates of Ekron. The Philistine corpses lay fallen along the Shaaraim road to Gath and Ekron. 17:53 When the Israelites returned from their hot pursuit of the Philistines, they looted their camp. 17:54 David took the head of the Philistine and brought it to Jerusalem, 96 and he put Goliath’s 97 weapons in his tent.
17:55 98 Now as Saul watched David going out to fight the Philistine, he asked Abner, the general in command of the army, “Whose son is this young man, Abner?” Abner replied, “As surely as you live, O king, I don’t know.” 17:56 The king said, “Find out whose son this boy is!”
17:57 So when David returned from striking down the Philistine, Abner took him and brought him before Saul. He still had the head of the Philistine in his hand. 17:58 Saul said to him, “Whose son are you, young man?” David replied, “I am the son of your servant Jesse in Bethlehem.” 99
[1:1] 1 tc The translation follows the MT. The LXX reads “a man from Ramathaim, a Zuphite”; this is followed by a number of recent English translations. It is possible the MT reading צוֹפִים (tsofim) arose from dittography of the mem (מ) at the beginning of the following word.
[1:1] 2 tc The translation follows the MT. The LXX reads “a man from Ramathaim, a Zuphite”; this is followed by a number of recent English translations. It is possible the MT reading צוֹפִים (tsofim) arose from dittography of the mem (מ) at the beginning of the following word.
[1:3] 3 tn Heb “from days to days.”
[1:5] 4 tn The exact sense of the Hebrew word אַפָּיִם (’appayim, “two faces”) is not certain here. It is most likely used with the preceding expression (“one portion of two faces”) to mean a portion double than normally received. Although evidence for this use of the word derives primarily from Aramaic rather than from Hebrew usage, it provides an understanding that fits the context here better than other suggestions for the word do. The meaning “double” is therefore adopted in the present translation. Other possibilities for the meaning of the word include the following: “heavily” (cf. Vulg., tristis) and “worthy” or “choice” (cf. KJV and Targum). Some scholars have followed the LXX here, emending the word to אֶפֶס (’efes) and translating it as “but” or “however.” This seems unnecessary. The translators of the LXX may simply have been struggling to make sense of the word rather than following a Hebrew text that was different from the MT here.
[1:5] 5 tn Heb “for Hannah he loved.” Repetition of the proper name would seem redundant in contemporary English, so the pronoun (“her”) has been used here for clarity. The translation also adds the adverb “especially” to clarify the meaning of the text. Without this addition one might get the impression that only Hannah, not Peninnah, was loved by her husband. But the point of the text is that Hannah was his favorite.
[1:5] 6 tn Heb “and the
[1:6] 5 tn Heb “and her rival wife grieved her, even [with] grief so as to worry her.”
[1:7] 6 tn The MT has a masculine form of the verb here יַעֲשֶׂה (ya’aseh, “he used to do”); the subject in that case would presumably be Elkanah. But this leads to an abrupt change of subject in the following part of the verse, where the subject is the rival wife who caused Hannah anxiety. In light of v. 6 one expects the statement of v. 7 to refer to the ongoing actions of the rival wife: “she used to behave in this way year after year.” Some scholars have proposed retaining the masculine form but changing the vocalization of the verb so as to read a Niphal rather than a Qal (i.e., יֵעֲשֶׂה, ye’aseh, “so it used to be done”). But the problem here is lack of precedent for such a use of the Niphal of this verb. It seems best in light of the context to understand the reference to be to Hannah’s rival Peninnah and to read here, with the Syriac Peshitta, a feminine form of the verb (“she used to do”). In the translation the referent (Peninnah) has been specified for clarity.
[1:7] 7 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Hannah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:7] 8 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Peninnah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:8] 7 tn Heb “why is your heart displeased?”
[1:8] 8 sn Like the number seven, the number ten is sometimes used in the OT as an ideal number (see, for example, Dan 1:20, Zech 8:23).
[1:9] 8 tc The LXX adds “and stood before the Lord,” but this is probably a textual expansion due to the terseness of the statement in the Hebrew text.
[1:9] 9 tn Or perhaps, “on his throne.” See Joüon 2:506-7 §137.f.
[1:10] 9 tn Heb “she [was in] bitterness of soul.”
[1:10] 10 tn Heb “and weeping, she was weeping.” The infinitive absolute emphasizes the extent of her sorrow. The imperfect verbal form emphasizes the continuation of the action in past time.
[1:11] 10 tn Heb “if looking you look.” The expression can refer, as here, to looking favorably upon another, in this case with compassion.
[1:11] 11 tn Heb “handmaid.” The use of this term (translated two more times in this verse and once each in vv. 16, 17 simply as “servant” for stylistic reasons) is an expression of humility.
[1:11] 12 tn Heb “seed of men.”
[1:11] 13 tn Heb “a razor will not go up upon his head.”
[1:12] 11 tc Heb “before.” Many medieval Hebrew manuscripts read “to.”
[1:14] 12 tn Heb “Eli.” The pronoun (“he”) has been used in the translation in keeping with contemporary English style.
[1:15] 14 tn Heb “I am a woman difficult of spirit.” The LXX has “for whom the day is difficult,” apparently mistaking the Hebrew word for “spirit” רוּחַ (ruakh) to be the word for “day” יוֹם (yom).
[1:16] 14 tn Heb “daughter of worthlessness.”
[1:18] 15 tc Several medieval Hebrew
[1:19] 16 tn Heb “Elkanah knew his wife.” The Hebrew expression is a euphemism for sexual relations.
[1:19] 17 sn The Lord “remembered” her in the sense of granting her earlier request for a child. The Hebrew verb is often used in the OT for considering the needs or desires of people with favor and kindness.
[1:20] 17 tn Heb “because from the
[1:22] 18 tn The disjunctive clause is contrastive here. The words “with them” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[1:23] 19 tn Heb “what is good in your eyes.”
[1:23] 20 tn Heb “establish his word.” This apparently refers to the promise inherent in Eli’s priestly blessing (see v. 17).
[1:24] 20 sn The ephah was a standard dry measure in OT times; it was the equivalent of one-tenth of the OT measure known as a homer. The ephah was equal to approximately one-half to two-thirds of a bushel.
[1:24] 21 tn The Hebrew term translated “container” may denote either a clay storage jar (cf. CEV “a clay jar full of wine”) or a leather container (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV “a skin of wine”; NCV “a leather bag filled with (full of TEV) wine.”
[1:24] 22 tc Heb “and the boy was a boy.” If the MT is correct the meaning apparently is that the boy was quite young at the time of these events. On the other hand, some scholars have suspected a textual problem, emending the text to read either “and the boy was with them” (so LXX) or “and the boy was with her” (a conjectural emendation). In spite of the difficulty it seems best to stay with the MT here.
[1:28] 21 tn Heb “he,” apparently referring to Samuel (but cf. CEV “Elkanah”). A few medieval manuscripts and some ancient versions take the verb as plural (cf. TEV, NLT).
[17:1] 22 tc The content of 1 Sam 17–18, which includes the David and Goliath story, differs considerably in the LXX as compared to the MT, suggesting that this story circulated in ancient times in more than one form. The LXX for chs. 17–18 is much shorter than the MT, lacking almost half of the material (39 of a total of 88 verses). Many scholars (e.g., McCarter, Klein) think that the shorter text of the LXX is preferable to the MT, which in their view has been expanded by incorporation of later material. Other scholars (e.g., Wellhausen, Driver) conclude that the shorter Greek text (or the Hebrew text that underlies it) reflects an attempt to harmonize certain alleged inconsistencies that appear in the longer version of the story. Given the translation characteristics of the LXX elsewhere in this section, it does not seem likely that these differences are due to deliberate omission of these verses on the part of the translator. It seems more likely that the Greek translator has faithfully rendered here a Hebrew text that itself was much shorter than the MT in these chapters. Whether or not the shorter text represented by the LXX is to be preferred over the MT in 1 Sam 17–18 is a matter over which textual scholars are divided. For a helpful discussion of the major textual issues in this unit see D. Barthélemy, D. W. Gooding, J. Lust, and E. Tov, The Story of David and Goliath (OBO). Overall it seems preferable to stay with the MT, at least for the most part. However, the major textual differences between the LXX and the MT will be mentioned in the notes that accompany the translation so that the reader may be alert to the major problem passages.
[17:2] 23 tn Heb “the men of Israel” (so KJV, NASB); NAB, NIV, NRSV “the Israelites.”
[17:4] 25 tn Heb “the man of the space between the two [armies].” See v. 23.
[17:4] 26 tc Heb “his height was six cubits and a span” (cf. KJV, NASB, NRSV). A cubit was approximately eighteen inches, a span nine inches. So, according to the Hebrew tradition, Goliath was about nine feet, nine inches tall (cf. NIV, CEV, NLT “over nine feet”; NCV “nine feet, four inches”; TEV “nearly 3 metres”). However, some Greek witnesses, Josephus, and a manuscript of 1 Samuel from Qumran read “four cubits and a span” here, that is, about six feet, nine inches (cf. NAB “six and a half feet”). This seems more reasonable; it is likely that Goliath’s height was exaggerated as the story was retold. See P. K. McCarter, I Samuel (AB), 286, 291.
[17:5] 26 sn Although the exact weight of Goliath’s defensive body armor is difficult to estimate in terms of modern equivalency, it was obviously quite heavy. Driver, following Kennedy, suggests a modern equivalent of about 220 pounds (100 kg); see S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel, 139. Klein, taking the shekel to be equal to .403 ounces, arrives at a somewhat smaller weight of about 126 pounds (57 kg); see R. W. Klein, 1 Samuel (WBC), 175. But by any estimate it is clear that Goliath presented himself as a formidable foe indeed.
[17:6] 27 sn Or “greaves.” These were coverings (probably lined for comfort) that extended from about the knee to the ankle, affording protection for the shins of a warrior.
[17:7] 28 tn The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew
[17:7] 29 sn That is, about fifteen or sixteen pounds.
[17:8] 29 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Goliath) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[17:8] 30 tn The Hebrew text adds “and said to them.”
[17:8] 31 tc The translation follows the ancient versions in reading “choose,” (from the root בחר, bkhr), rather than the MT. The verb in MT (ברה, brh) elsewhere means “to eat food”; the sense of “to choose,” required here by the context, is not attested for this root. The MT apparently reflects an early scribal error.
[17:8] 32 tn Following the imperative, the prefixed verbal form (either an imperfect or jussive) with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result here.
[17:10] 30 tn Following the imperative, the cohortative verbal form indicates purpose/result here.
[17:11] 31 tn Heb “all Israel.”
[17:12] 32 tc Some
[17:12] 33 map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
[17:12] 34 tc The translation follows the Lucianic recension of the LXX and the Syriac Peshitta in reading “in years,” rather than MT “among men.”
[17:15] 34 tn Heb “was going and returning.”
[17:18] 36 tn Heb “officer of the thousand.”
[17:18] 37 tn Heb “and your brothers, observe with respect to welfare.”
[17:18] 38 tn Heb “and their pledge take.” This probably refers to some type of confirmation that the goods arrived safely. See R. W. Klein, 1 Samuel (WBC), 177. Cf. NIV “bring back some assurance”; NCV “some proof to show me they are all right”; NLT “bring me back a letter from them.”
[17:19] 37 tn Heb “all the men of Israel.”
[17:20] 38 tn Heb “to a guard”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “with a keeper”; NIV “with a shepherd.” Since in contemporary English “guard” sounds like someone at a military installation or a prison, the present translation uses “to someone else who would watch over it.”
[17:20] 39 tn Or “entrenchment.”
[17:22] 39 tn Heb “the guard of the equipment.”
[17:23] 40 tn Heb “according to these words.”
[17:25] 42 tn Heb “he is coming up.”
[17:26] 43 tn Heb “and turns aside humiliation from upon Israel.”
[17:27] 45 tn Heb “according to this word, saying.”
[17:28] 45 tn Heb “his”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[17:28] 46 tn Heb “the anger of Eliab became hot.”
[17:28] 47 tn Heb “the wickedness of your heart.”
[17:29] 46 tn Heb “Is it not [just] a word?”
[17:30] 47 tn Heb “and spoke according to this word.”
[17:30] 48 tn Heb “the people.”
[17:31] 48 tn Heb “he took him.”
[17:32] 49 tn Heb “Let not the heart of a man fall upon him.” The LXX reads “my lord,” instead of “a man.”
[17:36] 50 tc The LXX includes here the following words not found in the MT: “Should I not go and smite him, and remove today reproach from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised one?”
[17:37] 51 tn Or “Go, and may the
[17:39] 52 tn Heb “he had not tested.”
[17:40] 53 tn This Hebrew word occurs only here and its exact meaning is not entirely clear. It refers to a receptacle of some sort and apparently was a common part of a shepherd’s equipment. Here it serves as a depository for the stones that David will use in his sling.
[17:41] 54 tc Most LXX
[17:43] 55 sn Sticks is a pejorative reference to David’s staff (v. 40); the same Hebrew word (מַקֵּל, maqqel) is used for both.
[17:44] 56 tc Many medieval Hebrew
[17:48] 57 tc Most LXX
[17:50] 58 tc Most LXX
[17:50] 59 tn Verse 50 is a summary statement; v. 51 gives a more detailed account of how David killed the Philistine.
[17:51] 59 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Goliath) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[17:51] 60 tc Most LXX
[17:52] 60 tn Heb “arose and cried out.”
[17:52] 61 tc Most of the LXX
[17:54] 61 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[17:54] 62 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Goliath) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[17:55] 62 tc Most LXX
[17:58] 63 map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
