Discovery Box1 Samuel 2:3-10
Context2:3 Don’t keep speaking so arrogantly, 1
letting proud talk come out of your mouth!
For the Lord is a God who knows;
he 2 evaluates what people do.
2:4 The bows of warriors are shattered,
but those who stumble find their strength reinforced.
2:5 Those who are well-fed hire themselves out to earn food,
but the hungry no longer lack.
Even 3 the barren woman gives birth to seven, 4
but the one with many children withers away. 5
2:6 The Lord both kills and gives life;
he brings down to the grave 6 and raises up.
2:7 The Lord impoverishes and makes wealthy;
he humbles and he exalts.
2:8 He lifts the weak 7 from the dust;
he raises 8 the poor from the ash heap
to seat them with princes
and to bestow on them an honored position. 9
The foundations of the earth belong to the Lord,
and he has placed the world on them.
2:9 He watches over 10 his holy ones, 11
but the wicked are made speechless in the darkness,
for it is not by one’s own strength that one prevails.
2:10 The Lord shatters 12 his adversaries; 13
he thunders against them from 14 the heavens.
The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.
He will strengthen 15 his king
[2:3] 1 tn Heb “proudly, proudly.” If MT is original, the repetition of the word is for emphasis, stressing the arrogance of those addressed. However, a few medieval Hebrew manuscripts and some other textual witnesses do not reflect the repetition, suggesting that the Hebrew text may be dittographic.
[2:3] 2 tc The MT (Qere) reads “and by him actions are weighed.” The translation assumes that reading of the Qere וְלוֹ (vÿlo, “and by him”), which is supported by many medieval Hebrew
[2:5] 3 tc Against BHS but with the MT, the preposition (עַד, ’ad) should be taken with what follows rather than with what precedes. For this sense of the preposition see Job 25:5.
[2:5] 4 sn The number seven is used here in an ideal sense. Elsewhere in the OT having seven children is evidence of fertility as a result of God’s blessing on the family. See, for example, Jer 15:9, Ruth 4:15.
[2:6] 6 tn Heb “Sheol”; NAB “the nether world”; CEV “the world of the dead.”
[2:8] 7 tn Or “lowly”; Heb “insignificant.”
[2:8] 8 tn The imperfect verbal form, which is parallel to the participle in the preceding line, is best understood here as indicating what typically happens.
[2:8] 9 tn Heb “a seat of honor.”
[2:9] 10 tn Heb “guards the feet of.” The expression means that God watches over and protects the godly in all of their activities and movements. The imperfect verbal forms in v. 9 are understood as indicating what is typically true. Another option is to translate them with the future tense. See v. 10b.
[2:9] 11 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew
[2:10] 12 tn The imperfect verbal forms in this line and in the next two lines are understood as indicating what is typically true. Another option is to translate them with the future tense. See v. 10b.
[2:10] 13 tc The present translation follows the Qere, many medieval Hebrew manuscripts, the Syriac Peshitta, and the Vulgate in reading the plural (“his adversaries,” similarly many other English versions) rather than the singular (“his adversary”) of the Kethib.
[2:10] 14 tn The Hebrew preposition here has the sense of “from within.”
[2:10] 15 tn The imperfect verbal forms in this and the next line are understood as indicating what is anticipated and translated with the future tense, because at the time of Hannah’s prayer Israel did not yet have a king.
[2:10] 16 tn Heb “the horn,” here a metaphor for power or strength. Cf. NCV “make his appointed king strong”; NLT “increases the might of his anointed one.”
[2:10] 17 tc The LXX greatly expands v. 10 with an addition that seems to be taken from Jer 9:23-24.
