Discovery Box1 Samuel 2:7-36
Context2:7 The Lord impoverishes and makes wealthy;
he humbles and he exalts.
2:8 He lifts the weak 1 from the dust;
he raises 2 the poor from the ash heap
to seat them with princes
and to bestow on them an honored position. 3
The foundations of the earth belong to the Lord,
and he has placed the world on them.
2:9 He watches over 4 his holy ones, 5
but the wicked are made speechless in the darkness,
for it is not by one’s own strength that one prevails.
2:10 The Lord shatters 6 his adversaries; 7
he thunders against them from 8 the heavens.
The Lord executes judgment to the ends of the earth.
He will strengthen 9 his king
and exalt the power 10 of his anointed one.” 11
2:11 Then Elkanah went back home to Ramah. But the boy was serving the Lord under the supervision of 12 Eli the priest.
2:12 The sons of Eli were wicked men. 13 They did not recognize the Lord’s authority. 14 2:13 Now the priests would always treat the people in the following way: 15 Whenever anyone was making a sacrifice, while the meat was boiling, the priest’s attendant would come with a three-pronged fork 16 in his hand. 2:14 He would jab it into the basin, kettle, caldron, or pot, and everything that the fork brought up the priest would take for himself. This is what they used to do to all the Israelites 17 when they came there to Shiloh.
2:15 Even before they burned the fat, the priest’s attendant would come and say to the person who was making the sacrifice, “Hand over some meat for the priest to roast! He won’t take boiled meat from you, but only raw.” 18 2:16 If the individual said to him, “First let the fat be burned away, and then take for yourself whatever you wish,” he would say, “No! 19 Hand it over right now! If you don’t, I will take it forcibly!”
2:17 The sin of these young men was very great in the Lord’s sight, for they 20 treated the Lord’s offering with contempt.
2:18 Now Samuel was ministering before the Lord. The boy was dressed in a linen ephod. 2:19 His mother used to make him a small robe and bring it up to him at regular intervals when she would go up with her husband to make the annual sacrifice. 2:20 Eli would bless Elkanah and his wife saying, “May the Lord raise up for you descendants 21 from this woman to replace the one that she 22 dedicated to the Lord.” Then they would go to their 23 home. 2:21 So the Lord graciously attended to Hannah, and she was able to conceive and gave birth to three sons and two daughters. The boy Samuel grew up at the Lord’s sanctuary. 24
2:22 Now Eli was very old when he heard about everything that his sons used to do to all the people of Israel 25 and how they used to have sex with 26 the women who were stationed at the entrance to the tent of meeting. 2:23 He said to them, “Why do you behave in this way? For I hear about these evil things from all these 27 people. 2:24 This ought not to be, 28 my sons! For the report that I hear circulating among the Lord’s people is not good. 2:25 If a man sins against a man, one may appeal to God on his behalf. But if a man sins against the Lord, who then will intercede for him?” But Eli’s sons 29 would not listen to their father, for the Lord had decided 30 to kill them.
2:26 Now the boy Samuel was growing up and finding favor both with the Lord and with people.
2:27 A man of God came to Eli and said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Did I not plainly 31 reveal myself to your ancestor’s 32 house when they were in Egypt in the house of Pharaoh? 2:28 I chose your ancestor 33 from all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer sacrifice on my altar, to burn incense, and to bear the ephod before me. I gave to your ancestor’s house all the fire offerings made by the Israelites. 2:29 Why are you 34 scorning my sacrifice and my offering that I commanded for my dwelling place? 35 You have honored your sons more than you have me by having made yourselves fat from the best parts of all the offerings of my people Israel.’
2:30 Therefore the Lord, the God of Israel, says, ‘I really did say 36 that your house and your ancestor’s house would serve 37 me forever.’ But now the Lord says, ‘May it never be! 38 For I will honor those who honor me, but those who despise me will be cursed! 2:31 In fact, days are coming when I will remove your strength 39 and the strength 40 of your father’s house. There will not be an old man in your house! 2:32 You will see trouble in my dwelling place! 41 Israel will experience blessings, 42 but there will not be an old man in your 43 house for all time. 44 2:33 Any one of you that I do not cut off from my altar, I will cause your 45 eyes to fail 46 and will cause you grief. 47 All of those born to your family 48 will die in the prime of life. 49 2:34 This will be a confirming sign for you that will be fulfilled through your two sons, 50 Hophni and Phinehas: in a single day they both will die! 2:35 Then I will raise up for myself a faithful priest. He will do what is in my heart and soul. I will build for him a secure dynasty 51 and he will serve my chosen one for all time. 52 2:36 Everyone who remains in your house will come to bow before him for a little money 53 and for a scrap of bread. Each will say, ‘Assign me to a priestly task so I can eat a scrap of bread.’”
[2:8] 1 tn Or “lowly”; Heb “insignificant.”
[2:8] 2 tn The imperfect verbal form, which is parallel to the participle in the preceding line, is best understood here as indicating what typically happens.
[2:8] 3 tn Heb “a seat of honor.”
[2:9] 4 tn Heb “guards the feet of.” The expression means that God watches over and protects the godly in all of their activities and movements. The imperfect verbal forms in v. 9 are understood as indicating what is typically true. Another option is to translate them with the future tense. See v. 10b.
[2:9] 5 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew
[2:10] 6 tn The imperfect verbal forms in this line and in the next two lines are understood as indicating what is typically true. Another option is to translate them with the future tense. See v. 10b.
[2:10] 7 tc The present translation follows the Qere, many medieval Hebrew manuscripts, the Syriac Peshitta, and the Vulgate in reading the plural (“his adversaries,” similarly many other English versions) rather than the singular (“his adversary”) of the Kethib.
[2:10] 8 tn The Hebrew preposition here has the sense of “from within.”
[2:10] 9 tn The imperfect verbal forms in this and the next line are understood as indicating what is anticipated and translated with the future tense, because at the time of Hannah’s prayer Israel did not yet have a king.
[2:10] 10 tn Heb “the horn,” here a metaphor for power or strength. Cf. NCV “make his appointed king strong”; NLT “increases the might of his anointed one.”
[2:10] 11 tc The LXX greatly expands v. 10 with an addition that seems to be taken from Jer 9:23-24.
[2:11] 12 tn Heb “with [or “before”] the face of.”
[2:12] 13 tn Heb “sons of worthlessness.”
[2:12] 14 tn Heb “they did not know the
[2:13] 15 tn Heb “the habit of the priests with the people [was this].”
[2:13] 16 sn The Hebrew word occurs only twice in the OT, here and again in v. 14. Its exact meaning is not entirely clear, although from the context it appears to be a sacrificial tool used for retrieving things from boiling water.
[2:14] 17 tn Heb “to all Israel.”
[2:16] 19 tc The translation follows the Qere and many medieval Hebrew
[2:17] 20 tc Heb “the men,” which is absent from one medieval Hebrew
[2:20] 22 tn The MT has a masculine verb here, but in light of the context the reference must be to Hannah. It is possible that the text of the MT is incorrect here (cf. the ancient versions), in which case the text should be changed to read either a passive participle or better, the third feminine singular of the verb. If the MT is correct here, perhaps the masculine is to be understood in a nonspecific and impersonal way, allowing for a feminine antecedent. In any case, the syntax of the MT is unusual here.
[2:21] 24 tn Heb “with the
[2:22] 25 tn Heb “to all Israel.”
[2:23] 27 tc For “these” the LXX has “of the Lord” (κυρίου, kuriou), perhaps through the influence of the final phrase of v. 24 (“the people of the
[2:25] 29 tn Heb “they”; the referent (Eli’s sons) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:27] 31 tn The infinitive absolute appears before the finite verb for emphasis.
[2:27] 32 tn Heb “to your father’s” (also in vv. 28, 30).
[2:28] 33 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Eli’s ancestor, i.e., Aaron) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:29] 34 tc The MT has a plural “you” here, but the LXX and a Qumran
[2:29] 35 tn Heb “which I commanded, dwelling place.” The noun is functioning as an adverbial accusative in relation to the verb. Since God’s dwelling place/sanctuary is in view, the pronoun “my” is supplied in the translation.
[2:30] 36 tn The infinitive absolute appears before the finite verb for emphasis.
[2:30] 37 tn Heb “walk about before.”
[2:30] 38 tn Heb “may it be far removed from me.”
[2:31] 39 tn Heb “chop off your arm.” The arm here symbolizes strength and activity.
[2:32] 41 tn Heb “you will see [the] trouble of [the] dwelling place.” Since God’s dwelling place/sanctuary is in view, the pronoun is supplied in the translation (see v. 29).
[2:32] 42 tn Heb “in all which he does good with Israel.”
[2:32] 43 tc The LXX and a Qumran manuscript have the first person pronoun “my” here.
[2:32] 44 tn Heb “all the days.”
[2:33] 45 tc The LXX, a Qumran
[2:33] 46 tn Heb “to cause your eyes to fail.” Elsewhere this verb, when used of eyes, refers to bloodshot eyes resulting from weeping, prolonged staring, or illness (see Lev 26:16; Pss 69:3; 119:82; Lam 2:11; 4:17).
[2:33] 47 tn Heb “and to cause your soul grief.”
[2:33] 48 tn Heb “and all the increase of your house.”
[2:33] 49 tc The text is difficult. The MT literally says “they will die [as] men.” Apparently the meaning is that they will be cut off in the prime of their life without reaching old age. The LXX and a Qumran
[2:34] 50 tn Heb “and this to you [is] the sign which will come to both of your sons.”
[2:35] 52 tn Heb “and he will walk about before my anointed one all the days.”
[2:36] 53 tn Heb “a piece of silver” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
