[1:23] 1 tn Grk “I call upon God as witness against my soul.” Normally this implies an appeal for help (L&N 33.176).
[1:23] 2 tn Here φειδόμενος (feidomeno") has been translated as a telic participle.
[1:23] 3 sn Paul had promised to come again to visit (see 2 Cor 1:15, 24) but explains here why he had changed his plans.