2 Corinthians 10:1-11

Paul’s Authority from the Lord

10:1 Now I, Paul, appeal to you ¹  personally ²  by the meekness and gentleness ³  of Christ (I who am meek ⁴  when present among ⁵  you, but am full of courage ⁶  toward you when away!) – 10:2 now I ask that when I am present I may not have to be bold with the confidence that (I expect) I will dare to use against some who consider us to be behaving ⁷  according to human standards. ⁸  10:3 For though we live ⁹  as human beings, ¹⁰  we do not wage war according to human standards, ¹¹  10:4 for the weapons of our warfare are not human weapons, ¹²  but are made powerful by God ¹³  for tearing down strongholds. ¹⁴  We tear down arguments ¹⁵  10:5 and every arrogant obstacle ¹⁶  that is raised up against the knowledge of God, and we take every thought captive to make it obey ¹⁷  Christ. 10:6 We are also ready to punish every act of disobedience, ¹⁸  whenever your obedience is complete. 10:7 You are looking at outward appearances. ¹⁹  If anyone is confident that he belongs to Christ, he should reflect on this again: Just as he himself belongs to Christ, so too do we. 10:8 For if I boast somewhat more about our authority that the Lord gave us ²⁰  for building you up and not for tearing you down, I will not be ashamed of doing so. ²¹  10:9 I do not want to seem as though I am trying to terrify you with my letters, 10:10 because some say, “His letters are weighty and forceful, but his physical presence is weak ²²  and his speech is of no account.” ²³  10:11 Let such a person consider this: What we say ²⁴  by letters when we are absent, we also are in actions when we are present.

[10:1]  ¹ tn The Greek pronoun (“you”) is plural.

[10:1]  ² tn The word “personally” is supplied to reflect the force of the Greek intensive pronoun αὐτός (autos) at the beginning of the verse.

[10:1]  ³ tn Or “leniency and clemency.” D. Walker, “Paul’s Offer of Leniency of Christ (2 Corinthians 10:1): Populist Ideology and Rhetoric in a Pauline Letter Fragment (2 Cor 10:1-13:10)” (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1998), argues for this alternative translation for three main reasons: (1) When the two Greek nouns πραΰτης and ἐπιείκεια (prauth" and ejpieikeia) are used together, 90% of the time the nuance is “leniency and clemency.” (2) “Leniency and clemency” has a military connotation, which is precisely what appears in the following verses. (3) 2 Cor 10-13 speaks of Paul’s sparing use of his authority, which points to the nuance of “leniency and clemency.”

[10:1]  ⁴ tn Or “who lack confidence.”

[10:1]  ⁵ tn Or “when face to face with.”

[10:1]  ⁶ tn Or “but bold.”

[10:2]  ⁷ tn Grk “consider us as walking.”

[10:2]  ⁸ tn Grk “according to the flesh.”

[10:3]  ⁹ tn Grk “we walk.”

[10:3]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “in the flesh.”

[10:3]  ¹¹ tn Grk “according to the flesh.”

[10:4]  ¹² tn Grk “are not fleshly [weapons].” The repetition of the word “warfare” does not occur in the Greek text, but is supplied for clarity.

[10:4]  ¹³ tn Or “but (are) divinely powerful,” “but they have divine power,” or “but are powerful for God’s [service]”; Grk “but are powerful to God.”

[10:4]  ¹⁴ sn Ultimately Paul is referring here to the false arguments of his opponents, calling them figuratively “strongholds.” This Greek word (ὀχύρωμα, ocurwma) is used only here in the NT.

[10:4]  ¹⁵ tn Or “speculations.”

[10:5]  ¹⁶ tn The phrase “every arrogant obstacle” could be translated simply “all arrogance” (so L&N 88.207).

[10:5]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “to the obedience of Christ”; but since Χριστοῦ (Cristou) is clearly an objective genitive here, it is better to translate “to make it obey Christ.”

[10:6]  ¹⁸ tn Or “punish all disobedience.”

[10:7]  ¹⁹ tn The phrase is close to a recognized idiom for judging based on outward appearances (L&N 30.120). Some translators see a distinction, however, and translate 2 Cor 10:7a as “Look at what is in front of your eyes,” that is, the obvious facts of the case (so NRSV).

[10:8]  ²⁰ tn The word “us” is not in the Greek text but is supplied. Indirect objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context, and must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[10:8]  ²¹ tn Grk “I will not be put to shame,” “I will not be ashamed.” The words “of doing so” are supplied to clarify for the reader that Paul will not be ashamed of boasting somewhat more about the authority the Lord gave him (beginning of v. 8).

[10:10]  ²² tn Or “unimpressive.”

[10:10]  ²³ tn Or “is contemptible”; Grk “is despised.”

[10:11]  ²⁴ tn Grk “what we are in word.”