2 Kings 20:21--21:18

20:21 Hezekiah passed away ¹  and his son Manasseh replaced him as king.

Manasseh’s Reign over Judah

21:1 Manasseh was twelve years old when he became king, and he reigned for fifty-five years in Jerusalem. ²  His mother ³  was Hephzibah. 21:2 He did evil in the sight of ⁴  the Lord and committed the same horrible sins practiced by the nations ⁵  whom the Lord drove out from before the Israelites. 21:3 He rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had destroyed; he set up altars for Baal and made an Asherah pole just like King Ahab of Israel had done. He bowed down to all the stars in the sky ⁶  and worshiped ⁷  them. 21:4 He built altars in the Lord’s temple, about which the Lord had said, “Jerusalem will be my home.” ⁸  21:5 In the two courtyards of the Lord’s temple he built altars for all the stars in the sky. 21:6 He passed his son ⁹  through the fire ¹⁰  and practiced divination and omen reading. He set up a ritual pit to conjure up underworld spirits, and appointed magicians to supervise it. ¹¹  He did a great amount of evil in the sight of the Lord, provoking him to anger. ¹²  21:7 He put an idol of Asherah he had made in the temple, about which the Lord had said to David and to his son Solomon, “This temple in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, will be my permanent home. ¹³  21:8 I will not make Israel again leave the land I gave to their ancestors, ¹⁴  provided that they carefully obey all I commanded them, the whole law my servant Moses ordered them to obey.” 21:9 But they did not obey, ¹⁵  and Manasseh misled them so that they sinned more than the nations whom the Lord had destroyed from before the Israelites.

21:10 So the Lord announced through ¹⁶  his servants the prophets: 21:11 “King Manasseh of Judah has committed horrible sins. ¹⁷  He has sinned more than the Amorites before him and has encouraged Judah to sin by worshiping his disgusting idols. ¹⁸  21:12 So this is what the Lord God of Israel says, ‘I am about to bring disaster on Jerusalem and Judah. The news will reverberate in the ears of those who hear about it. ¹⁹  21:13 I will destroy Jerusalem the same way I did Samaria ²⁰  and the dynasty of Ahab. ²¹  I will wipe Jerusalem clean, just as one wipes a plate on both sides. ²²  21:14 I will abandon this last remaining tribe among my people ²³  and hand them over to their enemies; they will be plundered and robbed by all their enemies, ²⁴  21:15 because they have done evil in my sight ²⁵  and have angered me from the time their ancestors left Egypt right up to this very day!’”

21:16 Furthermore Manasseh killed so many innocent people, he stained Jerusalem with their blood from end to end, ²⁶  in addition to encouraging Judah to sin by doing evil in the sight of the Lord. ²⁷ 

21:17 The rest of the events of Manasseh’s reign and all his accomplishments, as well as the sinful acts he committed, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. ²⁸  21:18 Manasseh passed away ²⁹  and was buried in his palace garden, the garden of Uzzah, and his son Amon replaced him as king.

2 Kings 24:3-4

24:3 Just as the Lord had announced, he rejected Judah because of all the sins which Manasseh had committed. ³⁰  24:4 Because he killed innocent people and stained Jerusalem with their blood, the Lord was unwilling to forgive them. ³¹ 

2 Kings 24:1

24:1 During Jehoiakim’s reign, ³²  King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon attacked. ³³  Jehoiakim was his subject for three years, but then he rebelled against him. ³⁴ 

2 Kings 3:13-15

3:13 Elisha said to the king of Israel, “Why are you here? ³⁵  Go to your father’s prophets or your mother’s prophets!” The king of Israel replied to him, “No, for the Lord is the one who summoned these three kings so that he can hand them over to Moab.” 3:14 Elisha said, “As certainly as the Lord who rules over all ³⁶  lives (whom I serve), ³⁷  if I did not respect King Jehoshaphat of Judah, ³⁸  I would not pay attention to you or acknowledge you. ³⁹  3:15 But now, get me a musician.” ⁴⁰  When the musician played, the Lord energized him, ⁴¹ 

2 Kings 3:2

3:2 He did evil in the sight of ⁴²  the Lord, but not to the same degree as his father and mother. He did remove the sacred pillar of Baal that his father had made.

2 Kings 1:1

Elijah Confronts the King and His Commanders

1:1 After Ahab died, Moab rebelled against Israel. ⁴³ 

2 Kings 1:1

Elijah Confronts the King and His Commanders

1:1 After Ahab died, Moab rebelled against Israel. ⁴⁴ 

[20:21]  ¹ tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

[21:1]  ² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[21:1]  ³ tn Heb “the name of his mother.”

[21:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “in the eyes of.”

[21:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “like the abominable practices of the nations.”

[21:3]  ⁶ sn See the note at 2 Kgs 17:16.

[21:3]  ⁷ tn Or “served.”

[21:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “In Jerusalem I will place my name.”

[21:6]  ⁹ tc The LXX has the plural “his sons” here.

[21:6]  ¹⁰ sn See the note at 2 Kgs 16:3.

[21:6]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and he set up a ritual pit, along with conjurers.” The Hebrew אוֹב (’ov), “ritual pit,” refers to a pit used by a magician to conjure up underworld spirits. In 1 Sam 28:7 the witch of Endor is called a בַעֲלַת אוֹב (ba’alat ’ov), “owner of a ritual pit.” See H. Hoffner, “Second millennium Antecedents to the Hebrew ’OñBù,” JBL 86 (1967), 385-401.

[21:6]  ¹² tc Heb “and he multiplied doing what is evil in the eyes of the Lord, angering.” The third masculine singular pronominal suffix (“him”) has been accidentally omitted in the MT by haplography (note the vav that immediately follows).

[21:7]  ¹³ tn Heb “In this house and in Jerusalem, which I chose from all the tribes of Israel, I will place my name perpetually (or perhaps “forever”).”

[21:8]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “I will not again make the feet of Israel wander from the land which I gave to their fathers.”

[21:9]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “listen.”

[21:10]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “spoke by the hand of.”

[21:11]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “these horrible sins.”

[21:11]  ¹⁸ sn See the note at 1 Kgs 15:12.

[21:12]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “so that everyone who hears it, his two ears will quiver.”

[21:13]  ²⁰ map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

[21:13]  ²¹ tn Heb “I will stretch out over Jerusalem the measuring line of Samaria, and the plumb line of the house of Ahab.” The measuring line and plumb line are normally used in building a structure, not tearing it down. But here they are used ironically as metaphors of judgment, emphasizing that he will give careful attention to the task of judgment.

[21:13]  ²² tn Heb “just as one wipes a plate, wiping and turning [it] on its face.” The word picture emphasizes how thoroughly the Lord will judge the city.

[21:14]  ²³ tn Heb “the remnant of my inheritance.” In this context the Lord’s remnant is the tribe of Judah, which had been preserved when the Assyrians conquered and deported the northern tribes. See 17:18 and M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 269.

[21:14]  ²⁴ tn Heb “they will become plunder and spoils of war for all their enemies.”

[21:15]  ²⁵ tn Heb “in my eyes.”

[21:16]  ²⁶ tn Heb “and also Manasseh shed very much innocent blood, until he filled Jerusalem from mouth to mouth.”

[21:16]  ²⁷ tn Heb “apart from his sin which he caused Judah to commit, by doing what is evil in the eyes of the Lord.”

[21:17]  ²⁸ tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Manasseh, and all which he did, and his sin which he committed, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”

[21:18]  ²⁹ tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

[24:3]  ³⁰ tn Heb “Certainly according to the word of the Lord this happened against Judah, to remove [them] from his face because of the sins of Manasseh according to all which he did.”

[24:4]  ³¹ tn Heb “and also the blood of the innocent which he shed, and he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood, and the Lord was not willing to forgive.”

[24:1]  ³² tn Heb “In his days.”

[24:1]  ³³ tn Heb “came up.” Perhaps an object (“against him”) has been accidentally omitted from the text. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 306.

[24:1]  ³⁴ tn The Hebrew text has “and he turned and rebelled against him.”

[3:13]  ³⁵ tn Or “What do we have in common?” The text reads literally, “What to me and to you?”

[3:14]  ³⁶ tn Traditionally “the Lord of hosts.”

[3:14]  ³⁷ tn Heb “before whom I stand.”

[3:14]  ³⁸ tn Heb “if I did not lift up the face of Jehoshaphat the king of Judah.”

[3:14]  ³⁹ tn Heb “I would not look at you or see you.”

[3:15]  ⁴⁰ tn The term used refers to one who plays a stringed instrument, perhaps a harp.

[3:15]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “the hand of the Lord came on him.” This may refer to what typically happened, “[for] when a musician played, the hand of the Lord would come upon him.”

[3:2]  ⁴² tn Heb “in the eyes of.”

[1:1]  ⁴³ sn This statement may fit better with the final paragraph of 1 Kgs 22.

[1:1]  ⁴⁴ sn This statement may fit better with the final paragraph of 1 Kgs 22.