Discovery Box2 Kings 22:3--23:3
Context22:3 In the eighteenth year of King Josiah’s reign, the king sent the scribe Shaphan son of Azaliah, son of Meshullam, to the Lord’s temple with these orders: 1 22:4 “Go up to Hilkiah the high priest and have him melt down 2 the silver that has been brought by the people to the Lord’s temple and has been collected by the guards at the door. 22:5 Have them hand it over to the construction foremen 3 assigned to the Lord’s temple. They in turn should pay the temple workers to repair it, 4 22:6 including craftsmen, builders, and masons, and should buy wood and chiseled stone for the repair work. 5 22:7 Do not audit the foremen who disburse the silver, for they are honest.” 6
22:8 Hilkiah the high priest informed Shaphan the scribe, “I found the law scroll in the Lord’s temple.” Hilkiah gave the scroll to Shaphan and he read it. 22:9 Shaphan the scribe went to the king and reported, 7 “Your servants melted down the silver in the temple 8 and handed it over to the construction foremen assigned to the Lord’s temple.” 22:10 Then Shaphan the scribe told the king, “Hilkiah the priest has given me a scroll.” Shaphan read it out loud before the king. 22:11 When the king heard the words of the law scroll, he tore his clothes. 22:12 The king ordered Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Acbor son of Micaiah, Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah the king’s servant, 22:13 “Go, seek an oracle from 9 the Lord for me and the people – for all Judah. Find out about 10 the words of this scroll that has been discovered. For the Lord’s fury has been ignited against us, 11 because our ancestors have not obeyed the words of this scroll by doing all that it instructs us to do.” 12
22:14 So Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Acbor, Shaphan, and Asaiah went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shullam son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, the supervisor of the wardrobe. 13 (She lived in Jerusalem in the Mishneh 14 district.) They stated their business, 15 22:15 and she said to them: “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Say this to the man who sent you to me: 22:16 “This is what the Lord says: ‘I am about to bring disaster on this place and its residents, the details of which are recorded in the scroll which the king of Judah has read. 16 22:17 This will happen because they have abandoned me and offered sacrifices 17 to other gods, angering me with all the idols they have made. 18 My anger will ignite against this place and will not be extinguished!’” 22:18 Say this to the king of Judah, who sent you to seek an oracle from the Lord: “This is what the Lord God of Israel says concerning the words you have heard: 22:19 ‘You displayed a sensitive spirit 19 and humbled yourself before the Lord when you heard how I intended to make this place and its residents into an appalling example of an accursed people. 20 You tore your clothes and wept before me, and I have heard you,’ says the Lord. 22:20 ‘Therefore I will allow you to die and be buried in peace. 21 You will not have to witness 22 all the disaster I will bring on this place.’”’” Then they reported back to the king.
23:1 The king summoned all the leaders of Judah and Jerusalem. 23 23:2 The king went up to the Lord’s temple, accompanied by all the people of Judah, all the residents of Jerusalem, the priests, and the prophets. All the people were there, from the youngest to the oldest. He read aloud 24 all the words of the scroll of the covenant that had been discovered in the Lord’s temple. 23:3 The king stood by the pillar and renewed 25 the covenant before the Lord, agreeing to follow 26 the Lord and to obey his commandments, laws, and rules with all his heart and being, 27 by carrying out the terms 28 of this covenant recorded on this scroll. All the people agreed to keep the covenant. 29
[22:3] 1 tn Heb “with these orders, saying.”
[22:4] 2 tc The MT has וְיַתֵּם (vÿyattem), “and let them add up” (Hiphil of תָּמָם [tammam], “be complete”), but the appearance of הִתִּיכוּ (hitikhu), “they melted down” (Hiphil of נָתַךְ [natakh], “pour out”) in v. 9 suggests that the verb form should be emended to וְיַתֵּךְ (vÿyattekh), “and let him melt down” (a Hiphil of נָתַךְ [natakh]). For a discussion of this and other options see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 281.
[22:5] 3 tn Heb “doers of the work.”
[22:5] 4 tn Heb “and let them give it to the doers of the work who are in the house of the
[22:6] 5 tn Heb “and to buy wood and chiseled stone to repair the house.”
[22:7] 6 tn Heb “only the silver that is given into their hand should not be reckoned with them, for in faithfulness they are acting.”
[22:9] 7 tn Heb “returned the king a word and said.”
[22:9] 8 tn Heb “that was found in the house.”
[22:13] 10 tn Heb “concerning.”
[22:13] 11 tn Heb “for great is the anger of the
[22:13] 12 tn Heb “by doing all that is written concerning us.” Perhaps עָלֵינוּ (’alenu), “concerning us,” should be altered to עָלָיו (’alav), “upon it,” in which case one could translate, “by doing all that is written in it.”
[22:14] 13 tn Heb “the keeper of the clothes.”
[22:14] 14 tn Or “second.” For a discussion of the possible location of this district, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 283.
[22:14] 15 tn Heb “and they spoke to her.”
[22:16] 16 tn Heb “all the words of the scroll which the king of Judah has read.”
[22:17] 17 tn Or “burned incense.”
[22:17] 18 tn Heb “angering me with all the work of their hands.” The translation assumes that this refers to idols they have manufactured (note the preceding reference to “other gods,” as well as 19:18). However, it is possible that this is a general reference to their sinful practices, in which case one might translate, “angering me by all the things they do.”
[22:19] 19 tn Heb “Because your heart was tender.”
[22:19] 20 tn Heb “how I said concerning this place and its residents to become [an object of] horror and [an example of] a curse.” The final phrase (“horror and a curse”) refers to Judah becoming a prime example of an accursed people. In curse formulations they would be held up as a prime example of divine judgment. For an example of such a curse, see Jer 29:22.
[22:20] 21 tn Heb “Therefore, look, I am gathering you to your fathers, and you will be gathered to your tomb in peace.”
[22:20] 22 tn Heb “your eyes will not see.”
[23:1] 23 tn Heb “and the king sent and all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem gathered to him.”
[23:2] 24 tn Heb “read in their ears.”
[23:3] 25 tn Heb “cut,” that is, “made, agreed to.”
