2 Kings 3:1-10

Moab Fights with Israel

3:1 In the eighteenth year of King Jehoshaphat’s reign over Judah, Ahab’s son Jehoram became king over Israel in Samaria; ¹  he ruled for twelve years. 3:2 He did evil in the sight of ²  the Lord, but not to the same degree as his father and mother. He did remove the sacred pillar of Baal that his father had made. 3:3 Yet he persisted in ³  the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, who encouraged Israel to sin; he did not turn from them. ⁴ 

3:4 Now King Mesha of Moab was a sheep breeder. ⁵  He would send as tribute ⁶  to the king of Israel 100,000 male lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. 3:5 When Ahab died, the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel. 3:6 At that time King Jehoram left Samaria and assembled all Israel for war. 3:7 He sent ⁷  this message to King Jehoshaphat of Judah: “The king of Moab has rebelled against me. Will you fight with me against Moab?” Jehoshaphat ⁸  replied, “I will join you in the campaign; my army and horses are at your disposal.” ⁹  3:8 He then asked, “Which invasion route are we going to take?” ¹⁰  Jehoram ¹¹  answered, “By the road through the Desert of Edom.” 3:9 So the kings of Israel, Judah, and Edom ¹²  set out together. They wandered around on the road for seven days and finally ran out of water for the men and animals they had with them. 3:10 The king of Israel said, “Oh no! ¹³  Certainly the Lord has summoned these three kings so that he can hand them over to the king of Moab!”

[3:1]  ¹ map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

[3:2]  ² tn Heb “in the eyes of.”

[3:3]  ³ tn Heb “held tight,” or “clung to.”

[3:3]  ⁴ tc The Hebrew text has the singular, “it.” Some ancient witnesses read the plural, which seems preferable since the antecedent (“sins”) is plural. Another option is to emend the plural “sins” to a singular. One ancient Greek witness has the singular “sin.”

[3:4]  ⁵ tn For a discussion of the meaning of term (נֹקֵד, noqed), see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 43.

[3:4]  ⁶ tn The vav + perfect here indicates customary action contemporary with the situation described in the preceding main clause. See IBHS 533-34 §32.2.3e.

[3:7]  ⁷ tn Heb “went and sent.”

[3:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoshaphat) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:7]  ⁹ tn Heb “I will go up – like me, like you; like my people, like your people; like my horses; like your horses.”

[3:8]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “Where is the road we will go up?”

[3:8]  ¹¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:9]  ¹² tn Heb “the king of Israel and the king of Judah and the king of Edom.”

[3:10]  ¹³ tn Or “ah.”