2 Kings 3:4

3:4 Now King Mesha of Moab was a sheep breeder. ¹  He would send as tribute ²  to the king of Israel 100,000 male lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams.

2 Kings 3:10

3:10 The king of Israel said, “Oh no! ³  Certainly the Lord has summoned these three kings so that he can hand them over to the king of Moab!”

2 Kings 3:21-23

3:21 Now all Moab had heard that the kings were attacking, ⁴  so everyone old enough to fight was mustered and placed at the border. ⁵  3:22 When they got up early the next morning, the sun was shining on the water. To the Moabites, who were some distance away, the water looked red like blood. 3:23 The Moabites ⁶  said, “It’s blood! The kings are totally destroyed! ⁷  They have struck one another down! Now, Moab, seize the plunder!”

[3:4]  ¹ tn For a discussion of the meaning of term (נֹקֵד, noqed), see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 43.

[3:4]  ² tn The vav + perfect here indicates customary action contemporary with the situation described in the preceding main clause. See IBHS 533-34 §32.2.3e.

[3:10]  ³ tn Or “ah.”

[3:21]  ⁵ tn Heb “had come up to fight them.”

[3:21]  ⁶ tn Heb “and they mustered all who tied on a belt and upwards, and they stood at the border.”

[3:23]  ⁷ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Moabites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:23]  ⁸ tn The translation assumes the verb is חָרַב (kharav, “to be desolate”). The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb form for emphasis. (For another example of the Hophal infinitive with a Niphal finite verb, see Lev 19:20. Cf. also IBHS 582 §35.2.1c.) Some prefer to derive the verb from a proposed homonym meaning “at HALOT 349 s.v. II חרב and BDB 352 s.v. חָרְבָה).