Discovery Box2 Kings 9:30--10:17
Context9:30 Jehu approached Jezreel. When Jezebel heard the news, she put on some eye liner, 1 fixed up her hair, and leaned out the window. 9:31 When Jehu came through the gate, she said, “Is everything all right, Zimri, murderer of his master?” 2 9:32 He looked up at the window and said, “Who is on my side? Who?” Two or three 3 eunuchs looked down at him. 9:33 He said, “Throw her down!” So they threw her down, and when she hit the ground, 4 her blood splattered against the wall and the horses, and Jehu drove his chariot over her. 5 9:34 He went inside and had a meal. 6 Then he said, “Dispose of this accursed woman’s corpse. Bury her, for after all, she was a king’s daughter.” 7 9:35 But when they went to bury her, they found nothing left but 8 the skull, feet, and palms of the hands. 9:36 When they went back and told him, he said, “The Lord’s word through his servant, Elijah the Tishbite, has come to pass. He warned, 9 ‘In the plot of land at Jezreel, dogs will devour Jezebel’s flesh. 9:37 Jezebel’s corpse will be like manure on the surface of the ground in the plot of land at Jezreel. People will not be able to even recognize her.’” 10
10:1 Ahab had seventy sons living in Samaria. 11 So Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Samaria to the leading officials of Jezreel and to the guardians of Ahab’s dynasty. This is what the letters said, 12 10:2 “You have with you the sons of your master, chariots and horses, a fortified city, and weapons. So when this letter arrives, 13 10:3 pick the best and most capable 14 of your master’s sons, place him on his father’s throne, and defend 15 your master’s dynasty.”
10:4 They were absolutely terrified 16 and said, “Look, two kings could not stop him! 17 How can we?” 18 10:5 So the palace supervisor, 19 the city commissioner, 20 the leaders, 21 and the guardians sent this message to Jehu, “We are your subjects! 22 Whatever you say, we will do. We will not make anyone king. Do what you consider proper.” 23
10:6 He wrote them a second letter, saying, “If you are really on my side and are willing to obey me, 24 then take the heads of your master’s sons and come to me in Jezreel at this time tomorrow.” 25 Now the king had seventy sons, and the prominent 26 men of the city were raising them. 10:7 When they received the letter, they seized the king’s sons and executed all seventy of them. 27 They put their heads in baskets and sent them to him in Jezreel. 10:8 The messenger came and told Jehu, 28 “They have brought the heads of the king’s sons.” Jehu 29 said, “Stack them in two piles at the entrance of the city gate until morning.” 10:9 In the morning he went out and stood there. Then he said to all the people, “You are innocent. I conspired against my master and killed him. But who struck down all of these men? 10:10 Therefore take note that not one of the judgments the Lord announced against Ahab’s dynasty has failed to materialize. The Lord had done what he announced through his servant Elijah.” 30 10:11 Then Jehu killed all who were left of Ahab’s family in Jezreel, and all his nobles, close friends, and priests. He left no survivors.
10:12 Jehu then left there and set out for Samaria. 31 While he was traveling through Beth Eked of the Shepherds, 10:13 Jehu encountered 32 the relatives 33 of King Ahaziah of Judah. He asked, “Who are you?” They replied, “We are Ahaziah’s relatives. We have come down to see how 34 the king’s sons and the queen mother’s sons are doing.” 10:14 He said, “Capture them alive!” So they captured them alive and then executed all forty-two of them in the cistern at Beth Eked. He left no survivors.
10:15 When he left there, he met 35 Jehonadab, son of Rekab, who had been looking for him. 36 Jehu greeted him and asked, 37 “Are you as committed to me as I am to you?” 38 Jehonadab answered, “I am!” Jehu replied, “If so, give me your hand.” 39 So he offered his hand and Jehu 40 pulled him up into the chariot. 10:16 Jehu 41 said, “Come with me and see how zealous I am for the Lord’s cause.” 42 So he 43 took him along in his chariot. 10:17 He went to Samaria and exterminated all the members of Ahab’s family who were still alive in Samaria, 44 just as the Lord had announced to Elijah. 45
[9:30] 1 tn Heb “she fixed her eyes with antimony.” Antimony (פּוּךְ, pukh) was used as a cosmetic. The narrator portrays her as a prostitute (see Jer 4:30), a role she has played in the spiritual realm (see the note at v. 22).
[9:31] 2 sn Jezebel associates Jehu with another assassin, Zimri, who approximately 44 years before had murdered King Elah, only to meet a violent death just a few days later (1 Kgs 16:9-20). On the surface Jezebel’s actions seem contradictory. On the one hand, she beautifies herself as if to seduce Jehu, but on the other hand, she insults and indirectly threatens him with this comparison to Zimri. Upon further reflection, however, her actions reveal a clear underlying motive. She wants to retain her power, not to mention her life. By beautifying herself, she appeals to Jehu’s sexual impulses; by threatening him, she reminds him that he is in the same precarious position as Zimri. But, if he makes Jezebel his queen, he can consolidate his power. In other words through her actions and words Jezebel is saying to Jehu, “You desire me, don’t you? And you need me!”
[9:32] 3 tn Heb “two, three.” The narrator may be intentionally vague or uncertain here, or the two numbers may represent alternate traditions.
[9:33] 4 tn The words “when she hit the ground” are added for stylistic reasons.
[9:33] 5 tn Heb “and he trampled her.”
[9:34] 5 tn Heb “and he went and ate and drank.”
[9:34] 6 tn Heb “Attend to this accursed woman and bury her for she was the daughter of a king.”
[9:35] 6 tn Heb “they did not find her, except for.”
[9:36] 7 tn Heb “It is the word of the
[9:37] 8 tn Heb “so that they will not say, ‘This is Jezebel.’”
[10:1] 9 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[10:1] 10 tn Heb “to the officers of Jezreel, the elders, and to the guardians of Ahab, saying.” It is not certain why the officials of Jezreel would be in Samaria. They may have fled there after they heard what happened to Joram and before Jehu entered the city. They would have had time to flee while Jehu was pursuing Ahaziah.
[10:2] 10 tn Heb “And now when this letter comes to you – with you are the sons of your master and with you are chariots and horses and a fortified city and weapons.”
[10:3] 11 tn Hebrew יָשָׁר (yashar) does not have its normal moral/ethical nuance here (“upright”), but a more neutral sense of “proper, right, suitable.” For the gloss “capable,” see HALOT 450 s.v. יָשָׁר.
[10:4] 12 tn Heb “they were very, very afraid.” The term מְאֹד (me’od) “very,” is repeated for emphasis.
[10:4] 13 tn Heb “did not stand before him.”
[10:4] 14 tn Heb “How can we stand?”
[10:5] 13 tn Heb “the one who was over the house.”
[10:5] 14 tn Heb “the one who was over the city.”
[10:5] 17 tn Heb “Do what is good in your eyes.”
[10:6] 14 tn Heb “If you are mine and you are listening to my voice.”
[10:6] 15 sn Jehu’s command is intentionally vague. Does he mean that they should bring the guardians (those who are “heads” over Ahab’s sons) for a meeting, or does he mean that they should bring the literal heads of Ahab’s sons with them? (So LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and some
[10:6] 16 tn Heb “great,” probably in wealth, position, and prestige.
[10:7] 15 tn Heb “and when the letter came to them, they took the sons of the king and slaughtered seventy men.”
[10:8] 16 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:8] 17 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:10] 17 tn Heb “Know then that there has not fallen from the word of the
[10:12] 18 tn Heb “and he arose and went and came to Samaria.”
[10:13] 21 tn Heb “for the peace of.”
[10:15] 21 tn Heb “and he went from there and found Jehonadab son of Rekab [who was coming] to meet him.”
[10:15] 22 tn Heb “and he blessed him and said to him.”
[10:15] 23 tn Heb “Is there with your heart [what is] right, as my heart [is] with your heart?”
[10:15] 24 tc Heb “Jehonadab said, ‘There is and there is. Give your hand.’” If the text is allowed to stand, there are two possible ways to understand the syntax of וָיֵשׁ (vayesh), “and there is”: (1) The repetition of יֵשׁ (yesh, “there is and there is”) could be taken as emphatic, “indeed I am.” In this case, the entire statement could be taken as Jehonadab’s words or one could understand the words “give your hand” as Jehu’s. In the latter case the change in speakers is unmarked. (2) וָיֵשׁ begins Jehu’s response and has a conditional force, “if you are.” In this case, the transition in speakers is unmarked. However, it is possible that וַיֹּאמֶר (vayyo’mer), “and he said,” or וַיֹּאמֶר יֵהוּא (vayyo’mer yehu), “and Jehu said,” originally appeared between יֵשׁ and וָיֵשׁ and has accidentally dropped from the text by homoioarcton (note that both the proposed וַיֹּאמֶר and וָיֵשׁ begin with vav, ו). The present translation assumes such a textual reconstruction; it is supported by the LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate.
[10:15] 25 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:16] 21 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehu) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:16] 22 tn Heb “and see my zeal for the
[10:16] 23 tc The MT has a plural form, but this is most likely an error. The LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate all have the singular.
[10:17] 22 tn Heb “and he struck down all the remaining ones to Ahab in Samaria until he destroyed him.”
[10:17] 23 tn Heb “according to the word of the
