2 Samuel 1:13-16

1:13 David said to the young man who told this to him, “Where are you from?” He replied, “I am an Amalekite, the son of a resident foreigner.” ¹  1:14 David replied to him, “How is it that you were not afraid to reach out your hand to destroy the Lord’s anointed?” 1:15 Then David called one of the soldiers ²  and said, “Come here and strike him down!” So he struck him down, and he died. 1:16 David said to him, “Your blood be on your own head! Your own mouth has testified against you, saying ‘I have put the Lord’s anointed to death.’”

2 Samuel 4:9-12

4:9 David replied to Recab and his brother Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, “As surely as the Lord lives, who has delivered my life from all adversity, 4:10 when someone told me that Saul was dead – even though he thought he was bringing good news ³  – I seized him and killed him in Ziklag. That was the good news I gave to him! 4:11 Surely when wicked men have killed an innocent man as he slept ⁴  in his own house, should I not now require his blood from your hands and remove ⁵  you from the earth?”

4:12 So David issued orders to the soldiers and they put them to death. Then they cut off their hands and feet and hung them ⁶  near the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ish-bosheth ⁷  and buried it in the tomb of Abner ⁸  in Hebron. ⁹ 

2 Samuel 11:25-27

11:25 David said to the messenger, “Tell Joab, ‘Don’t let this thing upset you. ¹⁰  There is no way to anticipate whom the sword will cut down. ¹¹  Press the battle against the city and conquer ¹²  it.’ Encourage him with these words.” ¹³ 

11:26 When Uriah’s wife heard that her husband Uriah was dead, she mourned for him. ¹⁴  11:27 When the time of mourning passed, David had her brought to his palace. ¹⁵  She became his wife and she bore him a son. But what David had done upset the Lord. ¹⁶ 

2 Samuel 23:15-17

23:15 David was thirsty and said, “How I wish someone would give me some water to drink from the cistern in Bethlehem near the gate!” 23:16 So the three elite warriors broke through the Philistine forces and drew some water from the cistern in Bethlehem near the gate. They carried it back to David, but he refused to drink it. He poured it out as a drink offering to the Lord 23:17 and said, “O Lord, I will not do this! ¹⁷  It is equivalent to the blood of the men who risked their lives by going.” ¹⁸  So he refused to drink it. Such were the exploits of the three elite warriors. ¹⁹ 

Psalms 50:18

50:18 When you see a thief, you join him; ²⁰ 

you associate with men who are unfaithful to their wives. ²¹ 

Isaiah 33:15

33:15 The one who lives ²²  uprightly ²³ 

and speaks honestly;

the one who refuses to profit from oppressive measures

and rejects a bribe; ²⁴ 

the one who does not plot violent crimes ²⁵ 

and does not seek to harm others ²⁶  –

Obadiah 1:12-14

1:12 You should not ²⁷  have gloated ²⁸  when your relatives ²⁹  suffered calamity. ³⁰ 

You should not have rejoiced over the people of Judah when they were destroyed. ³¹ 

You should not have boasted ³²  when they suffered adversity. ³³ 

1:13 You should not have entered the city ³⁴  of my people when they experienced distress. ³⁵ 

You should not have joined ³⁶  in gloating over their misfortune when they suffered distress. ³⁷ 

You should not have looted ³⁸  their wealth when they endured distress. ³⁹ 

1:14 You should not have stood at the fork in the road ⁴⁰  to slaughter ⁴¹  those trying to escape. ⁴² 

You should not have captured their refugees when they suffered adversity. ⁴³ 

Romans 1:32

1:32 Although they fully know ⁴⁴  God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, ⁴⁵  they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them. ⁴⁶ 

Romans 1:2

1:2 This gospel ⁴⁷  he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy scriptures,

Romans 2:15

2:15 They ⁴⁸  show that the work of the law is written ⁴⁹  in their hearts, as their conscience bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or else defend ⁵⁰  them, ⁵¹ 

[1:13]  ¹ tn The Hebrew word used here refers to a foreigner whose social standing was something less than that of native residents of the land, but something more than that of a nonresident alien who was merely passing through.

[1:15]  ² tn Heb “young men.”

[4:10]  ³ tn Heb “and he was like a bearer of good news in his eyes.”

[4:11]  ⁴ tn Heb “on his bed.”

[4:11]  ⁵ tn See HALOT 146 s.v. II בער. Some derive the verb from a homonym meaning “to burn; to consume.”

[4:12]  ⁶ tn The antecedent of the pronoun “them” (which is not present in the Hebrew text, but implied) is not entirely clear. Presumably it is the corpses that were hung and not merely the detached hands and feet; cf. NIV “hung the (their NRSV, NLT) bodies”; the alternative is represented by TEV “cut off their hands and feet, which they hung up.”

[4:12]  ⁷ tc 4QSam^a mistakenly reads “Mephibosheth” here.

[4:12]  ⁸ tc The LXX adds “the son of Ner” by conformity with common phraseology elsewhere.

[4:12]  ⁹ tc Some mss of the LXX lack the phrase “in Hebron.”

[11:25]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “let not this matter be evil in your eyes.”

[11:25]  ¹¹ tn Heb “according to this and according to this the sword devours.”

[11:25]  ¹² tn Heb “overthrow.”

[11:25]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew text does not have “with these words.” They are supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.

[11:26]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “for her lord.”

[11:27]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “David sent and gathered her to his house.”

[11:27]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and the thing which David had done was evil in the eyes of the Lord.” Note the verbal connection with v. 25. Though David did not regard the matter as evil, the Lord certainly did.

[23:17]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “Far be it to me, O Lord, from doing this.”

[23:17]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “[Is it not] the blood of the men who were going with their lives?”

[23:17]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “These things the three warriors did.”

[50:18]  ²⁰ tn Heb “you run with him.”

[50:18]  ²¹ tn Heb “and with adulterers [is] your portion.”

[33:15]  ²² tn Heb “walks” (so NASB, NIV).

[33:15]  ²³ tn Or, possibly, “justly”; NAB “who practices virtue.”

[33:15]  ²⁴ tn Heb “[who] shakes off his hands from grabbing hold of a bribe.”

[33:15]  ²⁵ tn Heb “[who] shuts his ear from listening to bloodshed.”

[33:15]  ²⁶ tn Heb “[who] closes his eyes from seeing evil.”

[1:12]  ²⁷ tn In vv. 12-14 there are eight prohibitions which summarize the nature of the Lord’s complaint against Edom. Each prohibition alludes to something that Edom did to Judah that should not have been done by one “brother” to another. It is because of these violations that the Lord has initiated judgment against Edom. In the Hebrew text these prohibitions are expressed by אַל (’al, “not”) plus the jussive form of the verb, which is common in negative commands of immediate urgency. Such constructions would normally have the sense of prohibiting something either not yet begun (i.e., “do not start to …”) or something already in process at the time of speaking (i.e., “stop…”). Here, however, it seems more likely that the prohibitions refer to a situation in past rather than future time (i.e., “you should not have …”). If so, the verbs are being used in a rhetorical fashion, as though the prophet were vividly projecting himself back into the events that he is describing and urging the Edomites not to do what in fact they have already done.

[1:12]  ²⁸ tn The Hebrew expression “to look upon” often has the sense of “to feast the eyes upon” or “to gloat over” (cf. v. 13).

[1:12]  ²⁹ tn Heb “your brother” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV); NCV “your brother Israel.”

[1:12]  ³⁰ tn Heb “in the day of your brother, in the day of his calamity.” This expression is probably a hendiadys meaning, “in the day of your brother’s calamity.” The Hebrew word נָכְרוֹ (nokhro, “his calamity”)_is probably a word-play on נָכְרִים (nokherim, “foreigners”) in v. 11.

[1:12]  ³¹ tn Heb “in the day of their destruction” (so KJV, NASB, NIV); NAB, NRSV “on the day of their ruin.”

[1:12]  ³² tn Or “boasted with your mouth.” The Hebrew text includes the phrase “with your mouth,” which is redundant in English and has been left untranslated.

[1:12]  ³³ tn Heb “in the day of adversity”; NASB “in the day of their distress.”

[1:13]  ³⁴ tn Heb “the gate.” The term “gate” here functions as a synecdoche for the city as a whole, which the Edomites plundered.

[1:13]  ³⁵ tn Heb “in the day of their distress.” The phrase is used three times in this verse; the Hebrew word translated “distress” (אֵידָם, ’edam) is a wordplay on the name Edom. For stylistic reasons and to avoid monotony, in the present translation this phrase is rendered: “when they experienced distress,” “when they suffered distress,” and “when they endured distress.”

[1:13]  ³⁶ tn Heb “you, also you.”

[1:13]  ³⁷ tn Heb “in the day of his distress.” In this and the following phrase at the end of v. 13 the suffix is 3rd person masculine singular. As collective singulars both occurrences have been translated as plurals (“they suffered distress…endured distress” rather than “he suffered distress…endured distress”).

[1:13]  ³⁸ tc In the MT the verb is feminine plural, but the antecedent is unclear. The Hebrew phrase תִּשְׁלַחְנָה (tishlakhnah) here should probably be emended to read תִּשְׁלַח יָד (tishlakh yad), although yad (“hand”) is not absolutely essential to this idiom.

[1:13]  ³⁹ tn See the note on the phrase “suffered distress” in the previous line.

[1:14]  ⁴⁰ tn The meaning of the Hebrew word פֶּרֶק (pereq; here translated “fork in the road”) is uncertain. The word is found in the Hebrew Bible only here and in Nah 3:1, where it means “plunder.” In the present context it seems to refer to a strategic intersection or fork in a road where bands of Edomites apprehended Israelites who were fleeing from the attack on Jerusalem. Cf. NAB, NIV, NLT “crossroads”; NRSV “crossings.”

[1:14]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “to cut off” (so KJV, NRSV); NASB, NIV “to cut down.”

[1:14]  ⁴² tn Heb “his fugitives”; NAB, CEV “refugees.”

[1:14]  ⁴³ tn Heb “in the day of distress” (so KJV, ASV).

[1:32]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[1:32]  ⁴⁵ tn Grk “are worthy of death.”

[1:32]  ⁴⁶ sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.

[1:2]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “the gospel of God, which he promised.” Because of the length and complexity of this sentence in Greek, it was divided into shorter English sentences in keeping with contemporary English style. To indicate the referent of the relative pronoun (“which”), the word “gospel” was repeated at the beginning of v. 2.

[2:15]  ⁴⁸ tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[2:15]  ⁴⁹ tn Grk “show the work of the law [to be] written,” with the words in brackets implied by the Greek construction.

[2:15]  ⁵⁰ tn Or “excuse.”

[2:15]  ⁵¹ tn Grk “their conscience bearing witness and between the thoughts accusing or also defending one another.”