Discovery Box2 Samuel 8:12-18
Context8:12 including 1 Aram, 2 Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amelek. This also included some of the plunder taken from 3 King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah.
8:13 David became famous 4 when he returned from defeating the Arameans 5 in the Valley of Salt, he defeated 6 18,000 in all. 8:14 He placed garrisons throughout Edom, 7 and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. 8:15 David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people. 8
8:16 Joab son of Zeruiah was general in command of 9 the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; 8:17 Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar 10 were priests; Seraiah was scribe; 8:18 Benaiah son of Jehoida supervised 11 the Kerithites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were priests. 12
[8:12] 2 tc The present translation follows the MT; a few Hebrew
[8:12] 3 tn Heb “and from the plunder of.”
[8:13] 4 tn Heb “made a name.”
[8:13] 5 tn So NASB, NCV; NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “Edomites” (see the note on “Aram” in v. 12).
[8:13] 6 tn The words “he defeated” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[8:14] 7 tc The MT is repetitious here: “He placed in Edom garrisons; in all Edom he placed garrisons.” The Vulgate lacks “in all Edom”; most of the Greek tradition (with the exception of the Lucianic recension and the recension of Origen) and the Syriac Peshitta lack “he placed garrisons.” The MT reading appears here to be the result of a conflation of variant readings.
[8:15] 8 tn Heb “and David was doing what is just and fair for all his people.”
[8:17] 10 tc Here Ahimelech is called “the son of Abiathar,” but NCV, CEV, and REB reverse this to conform with 1 Sam 22:20. Most recent English versions (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) retain the order found in the MT.
[8:18] 11 tc The translation follows the Syriac Peshitta, Targum, and Vulgate in reading “over,” rather than the simple conjunction that appears in MT. See also the parallel passage in 1 Chr 18:17.
[8:18] 12 sn That David’s sons could have been priests, in light of the fact that they were not of the priestly lineage, is strange. One must assume either (1) that the word “priest” (כֹּהֵן, kohen) during this period of time could be used in a broader sense of “chief ruler” (KJV); “chief minister” (ASV, NASB), or “royal adviser” (NIV), perhaps based on the parallel passage in 1 Chr 18:17 which has “the king’s leading officials”, or (2) that in David’s day members of the king’s family could function as a special category of “priests” (cf. NLT “priestly leaders”). The latter option seems to be the more straightforward way of understanding the word in 2 Sam 8:18.
