Acts 18:17

18:17 So they all seized Sosthenes, the president of the synagogue, ¹  and began to beat ²  him in front of the judgment seat. ³  Yet none of these things were of any concern ⁴  to Gallio.

Acts 18:12

Paul Before the Proconsul Gallio

18:12 Now while Gallio ⁵  was proconsul ⁶  of Achaia, ⁷  the Jews attacked Paul together ⁸  and brought him before the judgment seat, ⁹ 

Acts 18:14

18:14 But just as Paul was about to speak, ¹⁰  Gallio said to the Jews, “If it were a matter of some crime or serious piece of villainy, ¹¹  I would have been justified in accepting the complaint ¹²  of you Jews, ¹³ 

[18:17]  ¹ tn That is, “the official in charge of the synagogue”; ἀρχισυνάγωγος (arcisunagwgo") refers to the “leader/president of a synagogue” (so BDAG 139 s.v. and L&N 53.93).

[18:17]  ² tn The imperfect verb ἔτυπτον (etupton) has been translated as an ingressive imperfect.

[18:17]  ³ sn See the note on the term judgment seat in 18:12.

[18:17]  ⁴ tn L&N 25.223 has “‘none of these things were of any concern to Gallio’ Ac 18:17.”

[18:12]  ⁵ sn Gallio was proconsul of Achaia from a.d. 51-52. This date is one of the firmly established dates in Acts. Lucius Junius Gallio was the son of the rhetorician Seneca and the brother of Seneca the philosopher. The date of Gallio’s rule is established from an inscription (W. Dittenberger, ed., Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum 2.3 no. 8). Thus the event mentioned here is probably to be dated July-October a.d. 51.

[18:12]  ⁶ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

[18:12]  ⁷ sn Achaia was a Roman province created in 146 b.c. that included the most important parts of Greece (Attica, Boeotia, and the Peloponnesus).

[18:12]  ⁸ tn Grk “with one accord.”

[18:12]  ⁹ tn Although BDAG 175 s.v. βῆμα 3 gives the meaning “tribunal” for this verse and a number of modern translations use similar terms (“court,” NIV; “tribunal,” NRSV), there is no need for an alternative translation here since the bema was a standard feature in Greco-Roman cities of the time.

[18:14]  ⁹ tn Grk “about to open his mouth” (an idiom).

[18:14]  ¹⁰ tn BDAG 902 s.v. ῥᾳδιούργημα states, “From the sense ‘prank, knavery, roguish trick, slick deed’ it is but a short step to that of a serious misdeed, crime, villainy…a serious piece of villainy Ac 18:14 (w. ἀδίκημα).”

[18:14]  ¹¹ tn According to BDAG 78 s.v. ἀνέχω 3 this is a legal technical term: “Legal t.t. κατὰ λόγον ἂν ἀνεσχόμην ὑμῶν I would have been justified in accepting your complaint Ac 18:14.”

[18:14]  ¹² tn Grk “accepting your complaint, O Jews.”