Acts 21:40

21:40 When the commanding officer ¹  had given him permission, ²  Paul stood ³  on the steps and gestured ⁴  to the people with his hand. When they had become silent, ⁵  he addressed ⁶  them in Aramaic, ⁷ 

Acts 23:10

23:10 When the argument became ⁸  so great the commanding officer ⁹  feared that they would tear Paul to pieces, ¹⁰  he ordered the detachment ¹¹  to go down, take him away from them by force, ¹²  and bring him into the barracks. ¹³ 

Acts 24:2

24:2 When Paul ¹⁴  had been summoned, Tertullus began to accuse him, ¹⁵  saying, “We have experienced a lengthy time ¹⁶  of peace through your rule, ¹⁷  and reforms ¹⁸  are being made in this nation ¹⁹  through your foresight. ²⁰ 

Acts 25:23

Paul Before King Agrippa and Bernice

25:23 So the next day Agrippa ²¹  and Bernice came with great pomp ²²  and entered the audience hall, ²³  along with the senior military officers ²⁴  and the prominent men of the city. When Festus ²⁵  gave the order, ²⁶  Paul was brought in.

Acts 27:10

27:10 “Men, I can see the voyage is going to end ²⁷  in disaster ²⁸  and great loss not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives.” ²⁹ 

Acts 27:21

27:21 Since many of them had no desire to eat, ³⁰  Paul ³¹  stood up ³²  among them and said, “Men, you should have listened to me ³³  and not put out to sea ³⁴  from Crete, thus avoiding ³⁵  this damage and loss.

[21:40]  ¹ tn The referent (the commanding officer) has been supplied here in the translation for clarity.

[21:40]  ² tn Grk “Giving him permission.” The participle ἐπιτρέψαντος (epitreyanto") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[21:40]  ³ tn Grk “standing.” The participle ἑστώς (Jestws) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[21:40]  ⁴ tn Or “motioned.”

[21:40]  ⁵ tn γενομένης (genomenhs) has been taken temporally. BDAG 922 s.v. σιγή has “πολλῆς σιγῆς γενομένης when a great silence had fallen = when they had become silent Ac 21:40.”

[21:40]  ⁶ tn Or “spoke out to.” L&N 33.27 has “to address an audience, with possible emphasis upon loudness – ‘to address, to speak out to.’ πολλῆς δέ σιγῆς γενομένης προσεφώνησεν τῇ ᾿Εβραίδι διαλέκτῳ ‘when they were quiet, he addressed them in Hebrew’ Ac 21:40.”

[21:40]  ⁷ tn Grk “in the Hebrew dialect, saying.” This refers to the Aramaic spoken in Palestine in the 1st century (BDAG 270 s.v. ῾Εβραΐς). The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in English and has not been translated.

[23:10]  ⁸ tn This genitive absolute construction with the participle γινομένης (ginomenhs) has been taken temporally (it could also be translated as causal).

[23:10]  ⁹ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). In Greek the term χιλίαρχος (ciliarco") literally described the “commander of a thousand,” but it was used as the standard translation for the Latin tribunus militum or tribunus militare, the military tribune who commanded a cohort of 600 men.

[23:10]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “that Paul would be torn to pieces by them.” BDAG 236 s.v. διασπάω has “of an angry mob μὴ διασπασθῇ ὁ Παῦλος ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν that Paul would be torn in pieces by them Ac 23:10.” The passive construction is somewhat awkward in English and has been converted to an equivalent active construction in the translation.

[23:10]  ¹¹ tn Normally this term means “army,” but according to BDAG 947 s.v. στράτευμα, “Of a smaller detachment of soldiers, sing. Ac 23:10, 27.” In the plural it can be translated “troops,” but it is singular here.

[23:10]  ¹² tn Or “to go down, grab him out of their midst.”

[23:10]  ¹³ tn Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Roman troops in Jerusalem Ac 21:34, 37; 22:24; 23:10, 16, 32.”

[24:2]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[24:2]  ¹⁶ tn Or “began to bring charges, saying.”

[24:2]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “experienced much peace.”

[24:2]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “through you” (“rule” is implied).

[24:2]  ¹⁹ tn This term is used only once in the NT (a hapax legomenon). It refers to improvements in internal administration (BDAG 251 s.v. διόρθωμα).

[24:2]  ²⁰ tn Or “being made for this people.”

[24:2]  ²¹ sn References to peaceful rule, reforms, and the governor’s foresight in the opening address by Tertullus represent an attempt to praise the governor and thus make him favorable to the case. Actual descriptions of his rule portray him as inept (Tacitus, Annals 12.54; Josephus, J. W. 2.13.2-7 [2.253-270]).

[25:23]  ²² sn See the note on King Agrippa in 25:13.

[25:23]  ²³ tn Or “great pageantry” (BDAG 1049 s.v. φαντασία; the term is a NT hapax legomenon).

[25:23]  ²⁴ tn Or “auditorium.” “Auditorium” may suggest to the modern English reader a theater where performances are held. Here it is the large hall where a king or governor would hold audiences. Paul once spoke of himself as a “spectacle” to the world (1 Cor 4:8-13).

[25:23]  ²⁵ tn Grk “the chiliarchs” (officers in command of a thousand soldiers). In Greek the term χιλίαρχος (ciliarco") literally described the “commander of a thousand,” but it was used as the standard translation for the Latin tribunus militum or tribunus militare, the military tribune who commanded a cohort of 600 men.

[25:23]  ²⁶ sn See the note on Porcius Festus in 24:27.

[25:23]  ²⁷ tn Grk “and Festus ordering, Paul was brought in.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was begun in the translation, and καί (kai) has not been translated. The participle κελεύσαντος (keleusanto") has been taken temporally.

[27:10]  ²⁹ tn Grk “is going to be with disaster.”

[27:10]  ³⁰ tn Or “hardship,” “damage.” BDAG 1022 s.v. ὕβρις 3 states, “fig. hardship, disaster, damage caused by the elements…w. ζημία Ac 27:10.”

[27:10]  ³¹ tn Grk “souls” (here, one’s physical life).

[27:21]  ³⁶ tn Or “Since they had no desire to eat for a long time.” The genitive absolute construction with the participle ὑπαρχούσης (Juparcoush") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle. It could also be translated temporally (“When many of them had no desire to eat”). The translation of πολλῆς (pollhs) as a substantized adjective referring to the people on board the ship (“many of them”) rather than a period of time (“for a long time”; so most modern versions) follows BDAG 143 s.v. ἀσιτία, which has “πολλῆς ἀ. ὑπαρχούσης since almost nobody wanted to eat because of anxiety or seasickness…Ac 27:21.” This detail indicates how turbulent things were on board the ship.

[27:21]  ³⁷ tn Here τότε (tote) is redundant (pleonastic) according to BDAG 1012-13 s.v. τότε 2; thus it has not been translated.

[27:21]  ³⁸ tn Grk “standing up…said.” The participle σταθείς (staqeis) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[27:21]  ³⁹ tn L&N 36.12 has “πειθαρχήσαντάς μοι μὴ ἀνάγεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς Κρήτης ‘you should have listened to me and not have sailed from Crete’ Ac 27:21.”

[27:21]  ⁴⁰ tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4, “as a nautical t.t. (ἀ. τὴν ναῦν put a ship to sea), mid. or pass. ἀνάγεσθαι to begin to go by boat, put out to sea.”

[27:21]  ⁴¹ tn The infinitive κερδῆσαι (kerdhsai) has been translated as resultative.