Acts 24:13

24:13 nor can they prove ¹  to you the things ²  they are accusing me of doing. ³ 

Acts 24:19

24:19 But there are some Jews from the province of Asia ⁴  who should be here before you and bring charges, ⁵  if they have anything against me.

Acts 24:8

24:8 When you examine ⁶  him yourself, you will be able to learn from him ⁷  about all these things we are accusing him of doing.” ⁸ 

Acts 28:19

28:19 But when the Jews objected, ⁹  I was forced to appeal to Caesar ¹⁰  – not that I had some charge to bring ¹¹  against my own people. ¹² 

Acts 25:5

25:5 “So,” he said, “let your leaders ¹³  go down there ¹⁴  with me, and if this man has done anything wrong, ¹⁵  they may bring charges ¹⁶  against him.”

Acts 22:30

Paul Before the Sanhedrin

22:30 The next day, because the commanding officer ¹⁷  wanted to know the true reason ¹⁸  Paul ¹⁹  was being accused by the Jews, he released him and ordered the chief priests and the whole council ²⁰  to assemble. He then brought ²¹  Paul down and had him stand before them.

Acts 24:2

24:2 When Paul ²²  had been summoned, Tertullus began to accuse him, ²³  saying, “We have experienced a lengthy time ²⁴  of peace through your rule, ²⁵  and reforms ²⁶  are being made in this nation ²⁷  through your foresight. ²⁸ 

Acts 25:11

25:11 If then I am in the wrong ²⁹  and have done anything that deserves death, I am not trying to escape dying, ³⁰  but if not one of their charges against me is true, ³¹  no one can hand me over to them. ³²  I appeal to Caesar!” ³³ 

Acts 25:16

25:16 I answered them ³⁴  that it was not the custom of the Romans to hand over anyone ³⁵  before the accused had met his accusers face to face ³⁶  and had been given ³⁷  an opportunity to make a defense against the accusation. ³⁸ 

[24:13]  ¹ tn BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 1.f has “οὐδὲ παραστῆσαι δύνανταί σοι περὶ ὧν νυνὶ κατηγοροῦσίν μου nor can they prove to you the accusations they are now making against me Ac 24:13.”

[24:13]  ² tn The words “the things” are not in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

[24:13]  ³ tn Grk “nor can they prove to you [the things] about which they are now accusing me.” This has been simplified to eliminate the relative pronoun (“which”) in the translation.

[24:19]  ⁴ tn Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.

[24:19]  ⁵ tn BDAG 533 s.v. κατηγορέω 1 states, “nearly always as legal t.t.: bring charges in court.” L&N 33.427 states for κατηγορέω (kathgorew), “to bring serious charges or accusations against someone, with the possible connotation of a legal or court context – ‘to accuse, to bring charges.’”

[24:8]  ⁷ tn Or “question.”

[24:8]  ⁸ tn Grk “From whom when you examine him yourself, you will be able to learn…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced by the third person singular pronoun (“him”) and a new sentence begun at the beginning of v. 8 in the translation.

[24:8]  ⁹ tn Grk “about all these things of which we are accusing him.” This has been simplified to eliminate the relative pronoun (“of which”) in the translation.

[28:19]  ¹⁰ tn That is, objected to my release.

[28:19]  ¹¹ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[28:19]  ¹² tn BDAG 533 s.v. κατηγορέω 1 states, “nearly always as legal t.t.: bring charges in court.” L&N 33.427 states for κατηγορέω, “to bring serious charges or accusations against someone, with the possible connotation of a legal or court context – ‘to accuse, to bring charges.’”

[28:19]  ¹³ tn Or “my own nation.”

[25:5]  ¹³ tn Grk “let those who are influential among you” (i.e., the powerful).

[25:5]  ¹⁴ tn The word “there” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.

[25:5]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “and if there is anything wrong with this man,” but this could be misunderstood in English to mean a moral or physical defect, while the issue in context is the commission of some crime, something legally improper (BDAG 149 s.v. ἄτοπος 2).

[25:5]  ¹⁶ tn BDAG 533 s.v. κατηγορέω 1 states, “nearly always as legal t.t.: bring charges in court.” L&N 33.427 states for κατηγορέω, “to bring serious charges or accusations against someone, with the possible connotation of a legal or court context – ‘to accuse, to bring charges.”

[22:30]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the commanding officer) has been supplied here in the translation for clarity.

[22:30]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “the certainty, why.” BDAG 147 s.v. ἀσφαλής 2 has “τὸ ἀ. the certainty = the truth (in ref. to ferreting out the facts…ἵνα τὸ ἀ. ἐπιγνῶ) γνῶναι 21:34; 22:30.”

[22:30]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:30]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “the whole Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).

[22:30]  ²⁰ tn Grk “and bringing.” The participle καταγαγών (katagagwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was begun in the translation, and καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to clarify the logical sequence.

[24:2]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[24:2]  ²⁰ tn Or “began to bring charges, saying.”

[24:2]  ²¹ tn Grk “experienced much peace.”

[24:2]  ²² tn Grk “through you” (“rule” is implied).

[24:2]  ²³ tn This term is used only once in the NT (a hapax legomenon). It refers to improvements in internal administration (BDAG 251 s.v. διόρθωμα).

[24:2]  ²⁴ tn Or “being made for this people.”

[24:2]  ²⁵ sn References to peaceful rule, reforms, and the governor’s foresight in the opening address by Tertullus represent an attempt to praise the governor and thus make him favorable to the case. Actual descriptions of his rule portray him as inept (Tacitus, Annals 12.54; Josephus, J. W. 2.13.2-7 [2.253-270]).

[25:11]  ²² tn BDAG 20 s.v. ἀδικέω 1.b has “intr. be in the wrong (Ex 2:13) εἰ ἀδικῶ Ac 25:11.”

[25:11]  ²³ tn BDAG 764 s.v. παραιτέομαι 2.b.β, “οὐ παραιτοῦμαι τὸ ἀποθανεῖν I am not trying to escape death Ac 25:11 (cp. Jos., Vi. 141).” To avoid redundancy in the translation, the English gerund “dying” is used to translate the Greek infinitive ἀποθανεῖν (apoqanein).

[25:11]  ²⁴ tn Or “but if there is nothing to their charges against me.” Both “if” clauses in this verse are first class conditions. Paul stated the options without prejudice, assuming in turn the reality of each for the sake of the argument.

[25:11]  ²⁵ sn That is, no one can hand me over to them lawfully. Paul was aware of the dangers of a return to Jerusalem.

[25:11]  ²⁶ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[25:16]  ²⁵ tn Grk “to whom I answered.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) has been replaced with a personal pronoun (“them”) and a new sentence started in the translation at the beginning of v. 16.

[25:16]  ²⁶ tn Grk “any man.” This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpos).

[25:16]  ²⁷ tn Or “has met his accusers in person.”

[25:16]  ²⁸ tn Grk “and receives.”

[25:16]  ²⁹ tn Or “indictment” (a legal technical term). BDAG 273-74 s.v. ἔγκλημα 1 states, “legal t.t.…ἀπολογία περὶ τοῦ ἐ. defense against the accusation Ac 25:16.” L&N 56.6 defines ἔγκλημα (enklhma) as “(a technical, legal term) a formal indictment or accusation brought against someone – ‘indictment, accusation, case.’ …‘and might receive an opportunity for a defense against the indictment’ Ac 25:16.”