Acts 25:19

25:19 Rather they had several points of disagreement ¹  with him about their own religion ²  and about a man named Jesus ³  who was dead, whom Paul claimed ⁴  to be alive.

Acts 22:22

The Roman Commander Questions Paul

22:22 The crowd ⁵  was listening to him until he said this. ⁶  Then ⁷  they raised their voices and shouted, ⁸  “Away with this man ⁹  from the earth! For he should not be allowed to live!” ¹⁰ 

Acts 28:4

28:4 When the local people ¹¹  saw the creature hanging from Paul’s ¹²  hand, they said to one another, “No doubt this man is a murderer! Although he has escaped from the sea, Justice herself ¹³  has not allowed him to live!” ¹⁴ 

Acts 25:24

25:24 Then Festus ¹⁵  said, “King Agrippa, ¹⁶  and all you who are present here with us, you see this man about whom the entire Jewish populace ¹⁷  petitioned ¹⁸  me both in Jerusalem ¹⁹  and here, ²⁰  shouting loudly ²¹  that he ought not to live any longer.

[25:19]  ¹ tn Grk “several controversial issues.” BDAG 428 s.v. ζήτημα states, “in our lit. only in Ac, w. the mng. it still has in Mod. Gk. (controversial) question, issue, argument…Ac 15:2; 26:3. ζ. περί τινος questions about someth.…18:15; 25:19.”

[25:19]  ² tn On this term see BDAG 216 s.v. δεισιδαιμονία 2. It is a broad term for religion.

[25:19]  ³ tn Grk “a certain Jesus.”

[25:19]  ⁴ tn Or “asserted.”

[22:22]  ⁵ tn Grk “They were listening”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:22]  ⁶ tn Grk “until this word.”

[22:22]  ⁷ tn Grk “And.” To indicate the logical sequence, καί (kai) has been translated as “then” here.

[22:22]  ⁸ tn Grk “and said.”

[22:22]  ⁹ tn Grk “this one.”

[22:22]  ¹⁰ tn BDAG 491 s.v. καθήκω has “to be appropriate, come/reach to, be proper/fitting…Usu. impers. καθήκει it comes (to someone)…foll. by acc. and inf….οὐ καθῆκεν αὐτὸν ζῆν he should not be allowed to live Ac 22:22.”

[28:4]  ⁹ tn Although this is literally βάρβαροι (barbaroi; “foreigners, barbarians”) used for non-Greek or non-Romans, as BDAG 166 s.v. βάρβαρος 2.b notes, “Of the inhabitants of Malta, who apparently spoke in their native language Ac 28:2, 4 (here β. certainly without derogatory tone…).”

[28:4]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “his”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[28:4]  ¹¹ tn That is, the goddess Justice has not allowed him to live. BDAG 250 s.v. δίκη 2 states, “Justice personified as a deity Ac 28:4”; L&N 12.27, “a goddess who personifies justice in seeking out and punishing the guilty – ‘the goddess Justice.’ ἡ δίκη ζῆν οὐκ εἴασεν ‘the goddess Justice would not let him live’ Ac 28:4.” Although a number of modern English translations have rendered δίκη (dikh) “justice,” preferring to use an abstraction, in the original setting it is almost certainly a reference to a pagan deity. In the translation, the noun “justice” was capitalized and the reflexive pronoun “herself” was supplied to make the personification clear. This was considered preferable to supplying a word like ‘goddess’ in connection with δίκη.

[28:4]  ¹² sn The entire scene is played out initially as a kind of oracle from the gods resulting in the judgment of a guilty person (Justice herself has not allowed him to live). Paul’s survival of this incident without ill effects thus spoke volumes about his innocence.

[25:24]  ¹³ sn See the note on Porcius Festus in 24:27.

[25:24]  ¹⁴ sn See the note on King Agrippa in 25:13.

[25:24]  ¹⁵ tn Probably best understood as rhetorical hyperbole. BDAG 825 s.v. πλῆθος 2.b.γ states, “people, populace, population…τὸ πλῆθος the populace…ἅπαν τὸ πλ. τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων Ac 25:24.” However, the actions of the leadership are seen by Luke as representing the actions of the entire nation, so the remark is not inaccurate.

[25:24]  ¹⁶ tn Or “appealed to” (BDAG 341 s.v. ἐντυγχάνω 1.a).

[25:24]  ¹⁷ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[25:24]  ¹⁸ sn Here means “here in Caesarea.”

[25:24]  ¹⁹ tn Or “screaming.”