Acts 27:19

27:19 and on the third day they threw the ship’s gear ¹  overboard with their own hands.

Acts 27:30-32

27:30 Then when the sailors tried to escape from the ship and were lowering the ship’s boat into the sea, pretending ²  that they were going to put out anchors from the bow, 27:31 Paul said to the centurion ³  and the soldiers, “Unless these men stay with the ship, you ⁴  cannot be saved.” 27:32 Then the soldiers cut the ropes ⁵  of the ship’s boat and let it drift away. ⁶ 

Acts 27:40-41

27:40 So they slipped ⁷  the anchors ⁸  and left them in the sea, at the same time loosening the linkage ⁹  that bound the steering oars ¹⁰  together. Then they hoisted ¹¹  the foresail ¹²  to the wind and steered toward ¹³  the beach. 27:41 But they encountered a patch of crosscurrents ¹⁴  and ran the ship aground; the bow stuck fast and could not be moved, but the stern was being broken up by the force ¹⁵  of the waves.

[27:19]  ¹ tn Or “rigging,” “tackle”; Grk “the ship’s things.” Here the more abstract “gear” is preferred to “rigging” or “tackle” as a translation for σκεῦος (skeuos) because in v. 40 the sailors are still able to raise the (fore)sail, which they could not have done if the ship’s rigging or tackle had been jettisoned here.

[27:30]  ² tn BDAG 889 s.v. πρόφασις 2 states, “προφάσει ὡς under the pretext that, pretending that…Ac 27:30.” In other words, some of the sailors gave up hope that such efforts would work and instead attempted to escape while pretending to help.

[27:31]  ³ sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[27:31]  ⁴ sn The pronoun you is plural in Greek.

[27:32]  ⁵ sn The soldiers cut the ropes. The centurion and the soldiers were now following Paul’s advice by cutting the ropes to prevent the sailors from escaping.

[27:32]  ⁶ tn Or “let it fall away.” According to BDAG 308 s.v. ἐκπίπτω 1 and 2 the meaning of the verb in this verse could be either “fall away” or “drift away.” Either meaning is acceptable, and the choice between them depends almost entirely on how one reconstructs the scene. Since cutting the boat loose would in any case result in it drifting away (whether capsized or not), the meaning “drift away” as a nautical technical term has been used here.

[27:40]  ⁷ tn That is, released. Grk “slipping…leaving.” The participles περιελόντες (perielonte") and εἴων (eiwn) have been translated as finite verbs due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[27:40]  ⁸ tn The term is used of a ship’s anchor. (BDAG 12 s.v. ἄγκυρα a).

[27:40]  ⁹ tn Grk “bands”; possibly “ropes.”

[27:40]  ¹⁰ tn Or “rudders.”

[27:40]  ¹¹ tn Grk “hoisting…they.” The participle ἐπάραντες (eparante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[27:40]  ¹² tn Grk “sail”; probably a reference to the foresail.

[27:40]  ¹³ tn BDAG 533 s.v. κατέχω 7 states, “hold course, nautical t.t., intr….κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν they headed for the beach Ac 27:40.”

[27:41]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “fell upon a place of two seas.” The most common explanation for this term is that it refers to a reef or sandbar with the sea on both sides, as noted in BDAG 245 s.v. διθάλασσος: the “τόπος δ. Ac 27:41 is a semantic unit signifying a point (of land jutting out with water on both sides).” However, Greek had terms for a “sandbank” (θῖς [qis], ταινία [tainia]), a “reef” (ἑρμα [Jerma]), “strait” (στενόν [stenon]), “promontory” (ἀρωτήρον [arwthron]), and other nautical hazards, none of which are used by the author here. NEB here translates τόπον διθάλασσον (topon diqalasson) as “cross-currents,” a proposal close to that advanced by J. M. Gilchrist, “The Historicity of Paul’s Shipwreck,” JSNT 61 (1996): 29-51, who suggests the meaning is “a patch of cross-seas,” where the waves are set at an angle to the wind, a particular hazard for sailors. Thus the term most likely refers to some sort of adverse sea conditions rather than a topographical feature like a reef or sandbar.

[27:41]  ¹⁵ tn Or “violence” (BDAG 175 s.v. βία a).