Acts 3:20-26

3:20 so that times of refreshing ¹  may come from the presence of the Lord, ²  and so that he may send the Messiah ³  appointed ⁴  for you – that is, Jesus. 3:21 This one ⁵  heaven must ⁶  receive until the time all things are restored, ⁷  which God declared ⁸  from times long ago ⁹  through his holy prophets. 3:22 Moses said, ‘The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers. You must obey ¹⁰  him in everything he tells you. ¹¹  3:23 Every person ¹²  who does not obey that prophet will be destroyed and thus removed ¹³  from the people.’ ¹⁴  3:24 And all the prophets, from Samuel and those who followed him, have spoken about and announced ¹⁵  these days. 3:25 You are the sons of the prophets and of the covenant that God made with your ancestors, ¹⁶  saying to Abraham, ‘And in your descendants ¹⁷  all the nations ¹⁸  of the earth will be blessed.’ ¹⁹  3:26 God raised up ²⁰  his servant and sent him first to you, to bless you by turning ²¹  each one of you from your iniquities.” ²² 

[3:20]  ¹ tn Or “relief.”

[3:20]  ² tn The words “so that…Lord” are traditionally placed in v. 19 by most English translations, but in the present translation the verse division follows the standard critical editions of the Greek text (NA²⁷, UBS⁴).

[3:20]  ³ tn Or “the Christ”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

[3:20]  ⁴ tn Or “designated in advance.”

[3:21]  ⁵ tn Grk “whom,” continuing the sentence from v. 20.

[3:21]  ⁶ sn The term must used here (δεῖ, dei, “it is necessary”) is a key Lukan term to point to the plan of God and what must occur.

[3:21]  ⁷ tn Grk “until the times of the restoration of all things.” Because of the awkward English style of the extended genitive construction, and because the following relative clause has as its referent the “time of restoration” rather than “all things,” the phrase was translated “until the time all things are restored.”

[3:21]  ⁸ tn Or “spoke.”

[3:21]  ⁹ tn Or “from all ages past.”

[3:22]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “hear,” but the idea of “hear and obey” or simply “obey” is frequently contained in the Greek verb ἀκούω (akouw; see L&N 36.14) and the following context (v. 23) makes it clear that failure to “obey” the words of this “prophet like Moses” will result in complete destruction.

[3:22]  ¹¹ sn A quotation from Deut 18:15. By quoting Deut 18:15 Peter declared that Jesus was the eschatological “prophet like [Moses]” mentioned in that passage, who reveals the plan of God and the way of God.

[3:23]  ¹² tn Grk “every soul” (here “soul” is an idiom for the whole person).

[3:23]  ¹³ tn Or “will be completely destroyed.” In Acts 3:23 the verb ἐξολεθρεύω (exoleqreuw) is translated “destroy and remove” by L&N 20.35.

[3:23]  ¹⁴ sn A quotation from Deut 18:19, also Lev 23:29. The OT context of Lev 23:29 discusses what happened when one failed to honor atonement. One ignored the required sacrifice of God at one’s peril.

[3:24]  ¹⁵ tn Or “proclaimed.”

[3:25]  ¹⁶ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[3:25]  ¹⁷ tn Or “in your offspring”; Grk “in your seed.”

[3:25]  ¹⁸ tn Or “families.” The Greek word πατριά (patria) can indicate persons of succeeding generations who are related by birth (“lineage,” “family”) but it can also indicate a relatively large unit of people who make up a sociopolitical group and who share a presumed biological descent. In many contexts πατριά is very similar to ἔθνος (eqnos) and λαός (laos). In light of the context of the OT quotation, it is better to translate πατριά as “nations” here.

[3:25]  ¹⁹ sn A quotation from Gen 22:18.

[3:26]  ²⁰ tn Grk “God raising up his servant, sent him.” The participle ἀναστήσας (anasthsa") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. Some translations (e.g., NIV, NRSV) render this participle as temporal (“when God raised up his servant”).

[3:26]  ²¹ sn The picture of turning is again seen as the appropriate response to the message. See v. 19 above. In v. 19 it was “turning to,” here it is “turning away from.” The direction of the two metaphors is important.

[3:26]  ²² tn For the translation of plural πονηρία (ponhria) as “iniquities,” see G. Harder, TDNT 6:565. The plural is important, since for Luke turning to Jesus means turning away from sins, not just the sin of rejecting Jesus.