Acts 7:1

Stephen’s Defense Before the Council

7:1 Then the high priest said, “Are these things true?” ¹ 

Acts 5:27

5:27 When they had brought them, they stood them before the council, ²  and the high priest questioned ³  them,

Acts 23:2

23:2 At that ⁴  the high priest Ananias ordered those standing near ⁵  Paul ⁶  to strike ⁷  him on the mouth.

Acts 4:6

4:6 Annas the high priest was there, and Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and others who were members of the high priest’s family. ⁸ 

Acts 5:17

Further Trouble for the Apostles

5:17 Now the high priest rose up, and all those with him (that is, the religious party of the Sadducees ⁹ ), ¹⁰  and they were filled with jealousy. ¹¹ 

Acts 23:5

23:5 Paul replied, ¹²  “I did not realize, ¹³  brothers, that he was the high priest, for it is written, ‘You must not speak evil about a ruler of your people.’” ¹⁴ 

Acts 24:1

The Accusations Against Paul

24:1 After five days the high priest Ananias ¹⁵  came down with some elders and an attorney ¹⁶  named ¹⁷  Tertullus, and they ¹⁸  brought formal charges ¹⁹  against Paul to the governor.

Acts 22:5

22:5 as both the high priest and the whole council of elders ²⁰  can testify about me. From them ²¹  I also received ²²  letters to the brothers in Damascus, and I was on my way ²³  to make arrests there and bring ²⁴  the prisoners ²⁵  to Jerusalem ²⁶  to be punished.

Acts 5:21

5:21 When they heard this, they entered the temple courts ²⁷  at daybreak and began teaching. ²⁸ 

Now when the high priest and those who were with him arrived, they summoned the Sanhedrin ²⁹  – that is, the whole high council ³⁰  of the Israelites ³¹  – and sent to the jail to have the apostles ³²  brought before them. ³³ 

[7:1]  ¹ tn Grk “If it is so concerning these things” (see BDAG 422 s.v. ἔχω 10.a for this use).

[5:27]  ² tn Or “the Sanhedrin” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).

[5:27]  ³ tn Or “interrogated,” “asked.”

[23:2]  ³ tn Grk “and” (δέ, de); the phrase “at that” has been used in the translation to clarify the cause and effect relationship.

[23:2]  ⁴ tn BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 2.b.α has “οἱ παρεστῶτες αὐτῷ those standing near him Ac 23:2.”

[23:2]  ⁵ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[23:2]  ⁶ tn Or “hit” (‘strike’ maintains the wordplay with the following verse). The action was probably designed to indicate a rejection of Paul’s claim to a clear conscience in the previous verse.

[4:6]  ⁴ sn The high priest’s family. This family controlled the high priesthood as far back as a.d. 6. Annas, Caiaphas, and Alexander were all high priests at one time (though Alexander held that office after this event).

[5:17]  ⁵ sn See the note on Sadducees in 4:1.

[5:17]  ⁶ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

[5:17]  ⁷ sn Filled with jealousy. In Acts, the term “jealousy” (ζήλος, zhlos) occurs only here and in Acts 13:45. It is a key term in Judaism for religiously motivated rage (1 Macc 2:24; 1QH 14:13-15; m. Sanhedrin 9:5). It was a zeal motivated by a desire to maintain the purity of the faith.

[23:5]  ⁶ tn Grk “said.”

[23:5]  ⁷ tn Or “know.”

[23:5]  ⁸ sn A quotation from Exod 22:28. This text defines a form of blasphemy. Paul, aware of the fact that he came close to crossing the line, backed off out of respect for the law.

[24:1]  ⁷ sn Ananias was in office from a.d. 47-59.

[24:1]  ⁸ tn The term refers to a professional advocate (BDAG 905 s.v. ῥήτωρ).

[24:1]  ⁹ tn Grk “an attorney, a certain Tertullus.”

[24:1]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “who” (plural). Because in English the relative pronoun “who” could be understood to refer only to the attorney Tertullus and not to the entire group, it has been replaced with the third person plural pronoun “they.” “And” has been supplied to provide the connection to the preceding clause.

[24:1]  ¹¹ tn BDAG 326 s.v. ἐμφανίζω 3 has “ἐ. τινὶ κατά τινος bring formal charges against someone…Ac 24:1; 25:2.”

[22:5]  ⁸ tn That is, the whole Sanhedrin. BDAG 861 s.v. πρεσβυτέριον has “an administrative group concerned with the interests of a specific community, council of elders – a. of the highest Judean council in Jerusalem, in our lit. usu. called συνέδριον…ὁ ἀρχιερεύς καὶ πᾶν τὸ πρ. Ac 22:5.”

[22:5]  ⁹ tn Grk “from whom.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was translated by the third person plural pronoun (“them”) and a new sentence begun in the translation.

[22:5]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “receiving.” The participle δεξάμενος (dexameno") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[22:5]  ¹¹ tn Grk “letters to the brothers, [and] I was going to Damascus.” Such a translation, however, might be confusing since the term “brother” is frequently used of a fellow Christian. In this context, Paul is speaking about fellow Jews.

[22:5]  ¹² tn Grk “even there and bring…” or “there and even bring…” The ascensive καί (kai) shows that Paul was fervent in his zeal against Christians, but it is difficult to translate for it really belongs with the entire idea of arresting and bringing back the prisoners.

[22:5]  ¹³ tn BDAG 221 s.v. δέω 1.b has “δεδεμένον ἄγειν τινά bring someone as prisoner…Ac 9:2, 21; 22:5.”

[22:5]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “I was going…to bring even those who were there to Jerusalem as prisoners that they might be punished.”

[5:21]  ⁹ tn Grk “the temple.” See the note on the same phrase in the preceding verse.

[5:21]  ¹⁰ tn The imperfect verb ἐδίδασκον (edidaskon) has been translated as an ingressive imperfect.

[5:21]  ¹¹ tn Or “the council” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).

[5:21]  ¹² tn A hendiadys (two different terms referring to a single thing) is likely here (a reference to a single legislative body rather than two separate ones) because the term γερουσίαν (gerousian) is used in both 1 Macc 12:6 and Josephus, Ant. 13.5.8 (13.166) to refer to the Sanhedrin.

[5:21]  ¹³ tn Grk “sons of Israel.”

[5:21]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “have them”; the referent (the apostles) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[5:21]  ¹⁵ tn The words “before them” are not in the Greek text but are implied.