Amos 1:12

1:12 So I will set Teman ¹  on fire;

fire ²  will consume Bozrah’s ³  fortresses.”

Amos 2:5

2:5 So I will set Judah on fire,

and it will consume Jerusalem’s fortresses.” ⁴ 

Amos 1:4

1:4 So I will set Hazael’s house ⁵  on fire;

fire ⁶  will consume Ben Hadad’s ⁷  fortresses.

Amos 1:7

1:7 So I will set Gaza’s city wall ⁸  on fire;

fire ⁹  will consume her fortresses.

Amos 1:10

1:10 So I will set fire to Tyre’s city wall; ¹⁰ 

fire ¹¹  will consume her fortresses.”

Amos 2:2

2:2 So I will set Moab on fire, ¹² 

and it will consume Kerioth’s ¹³  fortresses.

Moab will perish ¹⁴  in the heat of battle ¹⁵ 

amid war cries and the blaring ¹⁶  of the ram’s horn. ¹⁷ 

Amos 7:4

7:4 The sovereign Lord showed me this: I saw ¹⁸  the sovereign Lord summoning a shower of fire. ¹⁹  It consumed the great deep and devoured the fields.

Amos 1:14

1:14 So I will set fire to Rabbah’s ²⁰  city wall; ²¹ 

fire ²²  will consume her fortresses.

War cries will be heard on the day of battle; ²³ 

a strong gale will blow on the day of the windstorm. ²⁴ 

Amos 5:6

5:6 Seek the Lord so you can live!

Otherwise he will break out ²⁵  like fire against Joseph’s ²⁶  family; ²⁷ 

the fire ²⁸  will consume

and no one will be able to quench it and save Bethel. ²⁹ 

Amos 7:2

7:2 When they had completely consumed the earth’s vegetation, I said,

“Sovereign Lord, forgive Israel! ³⁰ 

How can Jacob survive? ³¹ 

He is too weak!” ³² 

[1:12]  ¹ sn Teman was an important region (or perhaps city) in Edom.

[1:12]  ² tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:12]  ³ sn Bozrah was a city located in northern Edom.

[2:5]  ⁴ map For the location of Jerusalem see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[1:4]  ⁷ tn “Hazael’s house” (“the house of Hazael”) refers to the dynasty of Hazael.

[1:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:4]  ⁹ sn Ben-hadad may refer to Hazael’s son and successor (2 Kgs 13:3, 24) or to an earlier king (see 1 Kgs 20), perhaps the ruler whom Hazael assassinated when he assumed power.

[1:7]  ¹⁰ sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:10]  ¹³ sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:10]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[2:2]  ¹⁶ sn The destruction of Moab by fire is an example of a judgment in kind – as the Moabites committed the crime of “burning,” so the Lord will punish them by setting them on fire.

[2:2]  ¹⁷ sn Kerioth was an important Moabite city. See Jer 48:24, 41.

[2:2]  ¹⁸ tn Or “die” (KJV, NASB, NRSV, TEV); NAB “shall meet death.”

[2:2]  ¹⁹ tn Or “in the tumult.” This word refers to the harsh confusion of sounds that characterized an ancient battle – a mixture of war cries, shouts, shrieks of pain, clashes of weapons, etc.

[2:2]  ²⁰ tn Heb “sound” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV).

[2:2]  ²¹ sn The ram’s horn (used as a trumpet) was blown to signal the approaching battle.

[7:4]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “behold” or “look.”

[7:4]  ²⁰ tc The Hebrew appears to read, “summoning to contend with fire,” or “summoning fire to contend,” but both are problematic syntactically (H. W. Wolff, Joel and Amos [Hermeneia], 292; S. M. Paul, Amos [Hermeneia], 230-31). Many emend the text to לרבב אשׁ, “(calling) for a shower of fire,” though this interpretation is also problematic (see F. I. Andersen and D. N. Freedman, Amos [AB], 746-47).

[1:14]  ²² sn Rabbah was the Ammonite capital.

[1:14]  ²³ sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:14]  ²⁴ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:14]  ²⁵ tn Heb “with a war cry in the day of battle.”

[1:14]  ²⁶ tn Heb “with wind in the day of the windstorm.”

[5:6]  ²⁵ tn Heb “rush.” The verb depicts swift movement.

[5:6]  ²⁶ sn Here Joseph (= Ephraim and Manasseh), as the most prominent of the Israelite tribes, represents the entire northern kingdom.

[5:6]  ²⁷ tn Heb “house.”

[5:6]  ²⁸ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[5:6]  ²⁹ tn Heb “to/for Bethel.” The translation assumes that the preposition indicates advantage, “on behalf of.” Another option is to take the preposition as vocative, “O Bethel.”

[7:2]  ²⁸ tn “Israel” is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[7:2]  ²⁹ tn Heb “stand” (so ASV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).

[7:2]  ³⁰ tn Heb “small.”