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Amos 1:9-10

Context

1:9 This is what the Lord says:

“Because Tyre has committed three crimes 1 

make that four! 2  – I will not revoke my decree of judgment. 3 

They sold 4  a whole community 5  to Edom;

they failed to observe 6  a treaty of brotherhood. 7 

1:10 So I will set fire to Tyre’s city wall; 8 

fire 9  will consume her fortresses.”

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[1:9]  1 tn Traditionally, “transgressions” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV) or “sins” (NIV). For an explanation of the atrocities outlined in this oracle as treaty violations of God’s mandate to Noah in Gen 9:5-7, see the note on the word “violations” in 1:3.

[1:9]  2 tn Heb “Because of three violations of Tyre, even because of four.”

[1:9]  3 tn Heb “I will not bring it [or “him”] back.” The translation understands the pronominal object to refer to the decree of judgment that follows; the referent (the decree) has been specified in the translation for clarity. For another option see the note on the word “judgment” in 1:3.

[1:9]  4 tn Heb “handed over.”

[1:9]  5 tn Heb “[group of] exiles.” A similar phrase occurs in v. 6.

[1:9]  6 tn Heb “did not remember.”

[1:9]  7 sn A treaty of brotherhood. In the ancient Near Eastern world familial terms were sometimes used to describe treaty partners. In a treaty between superior and inferior parties, the lord would be called “father” and the subject “son.” The partners in a treaty between equals referred to themselves as “brothers.” For biblical examples, see 1 Kgs 9:13; 20:32-33.

[1:10]  8 sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:10]  9 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.



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