Daniel 11:28

11:28 Then the king of the north ¹  will return to his own land with much property. His mind will be set against the holy covenant. He will take action, and then return to his own land.

Daniel 11:25

11:25 He will rouse his strength and enthusiasm ²  against the king of the south ³  with a large army. The king of the south will wage war with a large and very powerful army, but he will not be able to prevail because of the plans devised against him.

Daniel 11:13

11:13 For the king of the north will again muster an army, one larger than before. At the end of some years he will advance with a huge army and enormous supplies.

Daniel 10:1

An Angel Appears to Daniel

10:1 ⁴ In the third ⁵  year of King Cyrus of Persia a message was revealed to Daniel (who was also called Belteshazzar). This message was true and concerned a great war. ⁶  He understood the message and gained insight by the vision.

Daniel 11:2

11:2 Now I will tell you the truth.

The Angel Gives a Message to Daniel

“Three ⁷  more kings will arise for Persia. Then a fourth ⁸  king will be unusually rich, ⁹  more so than all who preceded him. When he has amassed power through his riches, he will stir up everyone against ¹⁰  the kingdom of Greece.

[11:28]  ¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:25]  ² tn Heb “heart.”

[11:25]  ³ sn This king of the south was Ptolemy Philometer (ca. 181-145 B.C.).

[10:1]  ³ sn This chapter begins the final unit in the book of Daniel, consisting of chapters 10-12. The traditional chapter divisions to some extent obscure the relationship of these chapters.

[10:1]  ⁴ tc The LXX has “first.”

[10:1]  ⁵ tn The meaning of the Hebrew word צָבָא (tsava’) is uncertain in this context. The word most often refers to an army or warfare. It may also mean “hard service,” and many commentators take that to be the sense here (i.e., “the service was great”). The present translation assumes the reference to be to the spiritual conflicts described, for example, in 10:16–11:1.

[11:2]  ⁴ sn Perhaps these three more kings are Cambyses (ca. 530-522 B.C.), Pseudo-Smerdis (ca. 522 B.C.), and Darius I Hystaspes (ca. 522-486 B.C.).

[11:2]  ⁵ sn This fourth king is Xerxes I (ca. 486-465 B.C.). The following reference to one of his chiefs apparently has in view Seleucus Nicator.

[11:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “rich with great riches.”

[11:2]  ⁷ tn The text is difficult. The Hebrew has here אֶת (’et), the marker of a definite direct object. As it stands, this would suggest the meaning that “he will arouse everyone, that is, the kingdom of Greece.” The context, however, seems to suggest the idea that this Persian king will arouse in hostility against Greece the constituent elements of his own empire. This requires supplying the word “against,” which is not actually present in the Hebrew text.