Daniel 2:44-45

2:44 In the days of those kings the God of heaven will raise up an everlasting kingdom that will not be destroyed and a kingdom that will not be left to another people. It will break in pieces and bring about the demise of all these kingdoms. But it will stand forever. 2:45 You saw that a stone was cut from a mountain, but not by human hands; it smashed the iron, bronze, clay, silver, and gold into pieces. The great God has made known to the king what will occur in the future. ¹  The dream is certain, and its interpretation is reliable.”

Daniel 7:13-14

7:13 I was watching in the night visions,

“And with ²  the clouds of the sky ³ 

one like a son of man ⁴  was approaching.

He went up to the Ancient of Days

and was escorted ⁵  before him.

7:14 To him was given ruling authority, honor, and sovereignty.

All peoples, nations, and language groups were serving ⁶  him.

His authority is eternal and will not pass away. ⁷ 

His kingdom will not be destroyed. ⁸ 

Daniel 7:27

7:27 Then the kingdom, authority,

and greatness of the kingdoms under all of heaven

will be delivered to the people of the holy ones ⁹  of the Most High.

His kingdom is an eternal kingdom;

all authorities will serve him and obey him.’

Psalms 118:22

118:22 The stone which the builders discarded ¹⁰ 

has become the cornerstone. ¹¹ 

Isaiah 28:16

28:16 Therefore, this is what the sovereign master, the Lord, says:

“Look, I am laying ¹²  a stone in Zion,

an approved ¹³  stone,

set in place as a precious cornerstone for the foundation. ¹⁴ 

The one who maintains his faith will not panic. ¹⁵ 

Zechariah 12:3

12:3 Moreover, on that day I will make Jerusalem a heavy burden ¹⁶  for all the nations, and all who try to carry it will be seriously injured; ¹⁷  yet all the peoples of the earth will be assembled against it.

Matthew 16:18

16:18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades ¹⁸  will not overpower it.

Acts 4:11

4:11 This Jesus ¹⁹  is the stone that was rejected by you, ²⁰  the builders, that has become the cornerstone. ²¹ 

Acts 4:1

The Arrest and Trial of Peter and John

4:1 While Peter and John ²²  were speaking to the people, the priests and the commander ²³  of the temple guard ²⁴  and the Sadducees ²⁵  came up ²⁶  to them,

Acts 2:7

2:7 Completely baffled, they said, ²⁷  “Aren’t ²⁸  all these who are speaking Galileans?

Revelation 11:15

The Seventh Trumpet

11:15 Then ²⁹  the seventh angel blew his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven saying:

“The kingdom of the world

has become the kingdom of our Lord

and of his Christ, ³⁰ 

and he will reign for ever and ever.”

[2:45]  ¹ tn Aram “after this.”

[7:13]  ² tc The LXX has ἐπί (epi, “upon”) here (cf. Matt 24:30; 26:64). Theodotion has μετά (meta, “with”) here (cf. Mark 14:62; Rev 1:7).

[7:13]  ³ tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[7:13]  ⁴ sn This text is probably the main OT background for Jesus’ use of the term “son of man.” In both Jewish and Christian circles the reference in the book of Daniel has traditionally been understood to refer to an individual, usually in a messianic sense. Many modern scholars, however, understand the reference to have a corporate identity. In this view, the “son of man” is to be equated with the “holy ones” (vv. 18, 21, 22, 25) or the “people of the holy ones” (v. 27) and understood as a reference to the Jewish people. Others understand Daniel’s reference to be to the angel Michael.

[7:13]  ⁵ tn Aram “they brought him near.”

[7:14]  ⁶ tn Some take “serving” here in the sense of “worshiping.”

[7:14]  ⁷ tn Aram “is an eternal authority which will not pass away.”

[7:14]  ⁸ tn Aram “is one which will not be destroyed.”

[7:27]  ⁹ tn If the “holy ones” are angels, then this probably refers to the angels as protectors of God’s people. If the “holy ones” are God’s people, then this is an appositional construction, “the people who are the holy ones.” See 8:24 for the corresponding Hebrew phrase and the note there.

[118:22]  ¹⁰ tn Or “rejected.”

[118:22]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the head of the corner.”

[28:16]  ¹² tc The Hebrew text has a third person verb form, which does not agree with the first person suffix that precedes. The form should be emended to יֹסֵד (yosed), a Qal active participle used in a present progressive or imminent future sense.

[28:16]  ¹³ tn Traditionally “tested,” but the implication is that it has passed the test and stands approved.

[28:16]  ¹⁴ sn The reality behind the metaphor is not entirely clear from the context. The stone appears to represent someone or something that gives Zion stability. Perhaps the ideal Davidic ruler is in view (see 32:1). Another option is that the image of beginning a building project by laying a precious cornerstone suggests that God is about to transform Zion through judgment and begin a new covenant community that will experience his protection (see 4:3-6; 31:5; 33:20-24; 35:10).

[28:16]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “will not hurry,” i.e., act in panic.

[12:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “heavy stone” (so NRSV, TEV, NLT); KJV “burdensome stone”; NIV “an immovable rock.”

[12:3]  ¹⁷ sn In Israel’s and Judah’s past they had been uprooted by various conquerors such as the Assyrians and the Babylonians. In the eschaton, however, they will be so “heavy” with God’s glory and so rooted in his promises that no nation will be able to move them.

[16:18]  ¹⁸ tn Or “and the power of death” (taking the reference to the gates of Hades as a metonymy).

[4:11]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “This one”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:11]  ²⁰ tn The word “you” is inserted into the quotation because Peter is making a direct application of Ps 118:22 to his hearers. Because it is not in the OT, it has been left as normal type (rather than bold italic). The remarks are like Acts 2:22-24 and 3:12-15.

[4:11]  ²¹ sn A quotation from Ps 118:22 which combines the theme of rejection with the theme of God’s vindication/exaltation.

[4:1]  ²² tn Grk “While they”; the referents (Peter and John) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:1]  ²³ tn Or “captain.”

[4:1]  ²⁴ tn Grk “the official of the temple,” a title for the commander of the Jewish soldiers guarding the temple (thus the translation, “the commander of the temple guard”). See L&N 37.91.

[4:1]  ²⁵ sn The Sadducees controlled the official political structures of Judaism at this time, being the majority members of the Sanhedrin. They were known as extremely strict on law and order issues (Josephus, J. W. 2.8.2 [2.119], 2.8.14 [2.164-166]; Ant. 13.5.9 [13.171-173], 13.10.6 [13.293-298], 18.1.2 [18.11], 18.1.4 [18.16-17], 20.9.1 [20.199]; Life 2 [10-11]). See also Matt 3:7; 16:1-12; 22:23-34; Mark 12:18-27; Luke 20:27-38; Acts 5:17; 23:6-8.

[4:1]  ²⁶ tn Or “approached.” This verb often denotes a sudden appearing (BDAG 418 s.v. ἐφίστημι 1).

[2:7]  ²⁷ tn Grk “They were astounded and amazed, saying.” The two imperfect verbs, ἐξίσταντο (existanto) and ἐθαύμαζον (eqaumazon), show both the surprise and the confusion on the part of the hearers. The verb ἐξίσταντο (from ἐξίστημι, existhmi) often implies an illogical perception or response (BDAG 350 s.v. ἐξίστημι): “to be so astonished as to almost fail to comprehend what one has experienced” (L&N 25.218).

[2:7]  ²⁸ tn Grk “Behold, aren’t all these.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) at the beginning of this statement has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).

[11:15]  ²⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[11:15]  ³⁰ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”