Daniel 4:12

4:12 Its foliage was attractive and its fruit plentiful;

on it there was food enough for all.

Under it the wild animals ¹  used to seek shade,

and in its branches the birds of the sky used to nest.

All creatures ²  used to feed themselves from it.

Jeremiah 51:6

51:6 Get out of Babylonia quickly, you foreign people. ³ 

Flee to save your lives.

Do not let yourselves be killed because of her sins.

For it is time for the Lord to wreak his revenge.

He will pay Babylonia ⁴  back for what she has done. ⁵ 

Jeremiah 51:9

51:9 Foreigners living there will say, ⁶ 

‘We tried to heal her, but she could not be healed.

Let’s leave Babylonia ⁷  and each go back to his own country.

For judgment on her will be vast in its proportions.

It will be like it is piled up to heaven, stacked up into the clouds.’ ⁸ 

Ezekiel 31:12-13

31:12 Foreigners from the most terrifying nations have cut it down and left it to lie there on the mountains. In all the valleys its branches have fallen, and its boughs lie broken in the ravines of the land. All the peoples of the land ⁹  have departed ¹⁰  from its shade and left it. 31:13 On its ruins all the birds of the sky will live, and all the wild animals ¹¹  will walk ¹²  on its branches.

[4:12]  ¹ tn Aram “the beasts of the field.”

[4:12]  ² tn Aram “all flesh.”

[51:6]  ³ tn The words “you foreign people” are not in the text and many think the referent is the exiles of Judah. While this is clearly the case in v. 45 the referent seems broader here where the context speaks of every man going to his own country (v. 9).

[51:6]  ⁴ tn Heb “her.”

[51:6]  ⁵ tn Heb “paying to her a recompense [i.e., a payment in kind].”

[51:9]  ⁶ tn The words “Foreigners living there will say” are not in the text but are implicit from the third line. These words are generally assumed by the commentaries and are explicitly added in TEV and NCV which are attempting to clarify the text for the average reader.

[51:9]  ⁷ tn Heb “Leave/abandon her.” However, it is smoother in the English translation to make this verb equivalent to the cohortative that follows.

[51:9]  ⁸ tn This is an admittedly very paraphrastic translation that tries to make the figurative nuance of the Hebrew original understandable for the average reader. The Hebrew text reads: “For her judgment [or punishment (cf. BDB 1078 s.v. מִשְׁפָּט 1.f) = ‘execution of judgment’] touches the heavens, and is lifted up as far as the clouds.” The figure of hyperbole or exaggeration is being used here to indicate the vastness of Babylon’s punishment which is the reason to escape (vv. 6, 9c). For this figure see Deut 1:28 in comparison with Num 13:28 and see also Deut 9:1. In both of the passages in Deut it refers to an exaggeration about the height of the walls of fortified cities. The figure also may be a play on Gen 11:4 where the nations gather in Babylon to build a tower that reaches to the skies. The present translation has interpreted the perfects here as prophetic because it has not happened yet or they would not be encouraging one another to leave and escape. For the idea here compare 50:16.

[31:12]  ⁹ tn Or “earth” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[31:12]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “gone down.”

[31:13]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the beasts of the field,” referring to wild as opposed to domesticated animals.

[31:13]  ¹² tn Heb “be.”