Discovery BoxDaniel 7:3-17
Context7:3 Then four large beasts came up from the sea; they were different from one another.
7:4 “The first one was like a lion with eagles’ wings. As I watched, its wings were pulled off and it was lifted up from the ground. It was made to stand on two feet like a human being, and a human mind 1 was given to it. 2
7:5 “Then 3 a second beast appeared, like a bear. It was raised up on one side, and there were three ribs 4 in its mouth between its teeth. 5 It was told, 6 ‘Get up and devour much flesh!’
7:6 “After these things, 7 as I was watching, another beast 8 like a leopard appeared, with four bird-like wings on its back. 9 This beast had four heads, 10 and ruling authority was given to it.
7:7 “After these things, as I was watching in the night visions 11 a fourth beast appeared – one dreadful, terrible, and very strong. 12 It had two large rows 13 of iron teeth. It devoured and crushed, and anything that was left it trampled with its feet. It was different from all the beasts that came before it, and it had ten horns.
7:8 “As I was contemplating the horns, another horn – a small one – came up between them, and three of the former horns were torn out by the roots to make room for it. 14 This horn had eyes resembling human eyes and a mouth speaking arrogant 15 things.
7:9 “While I was watching,
thrones were set up,
and the Ancient of Days 16 took his seat.
His attire was white like snow;
the hair of his head was like lamb’s 17 wool.
His throne was ablaze with fire
and its wheels were all aflame. 18
7:10 A river of fire was streaming forth
and proceeding from his presence.
Many thousands were ministering to him;
Many tens of thousands stood ready to serve him. 19
The court convened 20
and the books were opened.
7:11 “Then I kept on watching because of the arrogant words of the horn that was speaking. I was watching 21 until the beast was killed and its body destroyed and thrown into 22 the flaming fire. 7:12 As for the rest of the beasts, their ruling authority had already been removed, though they were permitted to go on living 23 for a time and a season. 7:13 I was watching in the night visions,
“And with 24 the clouds of the sky 25
one like a son of man 26 was approaching.
He went up to the Ancient of Days
and was escorted 27 before him.
7:14 To him was given ruling authority, honor, and sovereignty.
All peoples, nations, and language groups were serving 28 him.
His authority is eternal and will not pass away. 29
His kingdom will not be destroyed. 30
7:15 “As for me, Daniel, my spirit was distressed, 31 and the visions of my mind 32 were alarming me. 7:16 I approached one of those standing nearby and asked him about the meaning 33 of all this. So he spoke with me and revealed 34 to me the interpretation of the vision: 35 7:17 ‘These large beasts, which are four in number, represent four kings who will arise from the earth.
Matthew 4:8
Context4:8 Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their grandeur. 36
Luke 4:5
Context4:5 Then 37 the devil 38 led him up 39 to a high place 40 and showed him in a flash all the kingdoms of the world.
[7:4] 1 tn Aram “heart of a man.”
[7:4] 2 sn The identity of the first animal, derived from v. 17 and the parallels in chap. 2, is Babylon. The reference to the plucking of its wings is probably a reference to the time of Nebuchadnezzar’s insanity (cf. chap. 4). The latter part of v. 4 then describes the restoration of Nebuchadnezzar. The other animals have traditionally been understood to represent respectively Media-Persia, Greece, and Rome, although most of modern scholarship identifies them as Media, Persia, and Greece. For a biblical parallel to the mention of lion, bear, and leopard together, see Hos 13:7-8.
[7:5] 4 sn The three ribs held securely in the mouth of the bear, perhaps representing Media-Persia, apparently symbolize military conquest, but the exact identity of the “ribs” is not clear. Possibly it is a reference to the Persian conquest of Lydia, Egypt, and Babylonia.
[7:5] 5 tc The LXX lacks the phrase “between its teeth.”
[7:5] 6 tn Aram “and thus they were saying to it.”
[7:6] 7 tn Aram “this.” So also in v. 7.
[7:6] 8 tn Aram “and behold, another one.”
[7:6] 10 sn If the third animal is Greece, the most likely identification of these four heads is the four-fold division of the empire of Alexander the Great following his death. See note on Dan 8:8.
[7:7] 11 tn The Aramaic text has also “and behold.” So also in vv. 8, 13.
[7:7] 12 sn The fourth animal differs from the others in that it is nondescript. Apparently it was so fearsome that Daniel could find nothing with which to compare it. Attempts to identify this animal as an elephant or other known creature are conjectural.
[7:7] 13 tn The Aramaic word for “teeth” is dual rather than plural, suggesting two rows of teeth.
[7:8] 14 tn Aram “were uprooted from before it.”
[7:8] 15 tn Aram “great.” So also in vv. 11, 20.
[7:9] 16 tn Or “the Ancient One” (NAB, NRSV, NLT), although the traditional expression has been retained in the present translation because it is familiar to many readers. Cf. TEV “One who had been living for ever”; CEV “the Eternal God.”
[7:9] 17 tn Traditionally the Aramaic word נְקֵא (nÿqe’) has been rendered “pure,” but here it more likely means “of a lamb.” Cf. the Syriac neqya’ (“a sheep, ewe”). On this word see further, M. Sokoloff, “’amar neqe’, ‘Lamb’s Wool’ (Dan 7:9),” JBL 95 (1976): 277-79.
[7:9] 18 tn Aram “a flaming fire.”
[7:10] 19 tn Aram “were standing before him.”
[7:10] 20 tn Aram “judgment sat.”
[7:11] 21 tc The LXX and Theodotion lack the words “I was watching” here. It is possible that these words in the MT are a dittography from the first part of the verse.
[7:11] 22 tn Aram “and given over to” (so NRSV).
[7:12] 23 tn Aram “a prolonging of life was granted to them.”
[7:13] 24 tc The LXX has ἐπί (epi, “upon”) here (cf. Matt 24:30; 26:64). Theodotion has μετά (meta, “with”) here (cf. Mark 14:62; Rev 1:7).
[7:13] 25 tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.
[7:13] 26 sn This text is probably the main OT background for Jesus’ use of the term “son of man.” In both Jewish and Christian circles the reference in the book of Daniel has traditionally been understood to refer to an individual, usually in a messianic sense. Many modern scholars, however, understand the reference to have a corporate identity. In this view, the “son of man” is to be equated with the “holy ones” (vv. 18, 21, 22, 25) or the “people of the holy ones” (v. 27) and understood as a reference to the Jewish people. Others understand Daniel’s reference to be to the angel Michael.
[7:13] 27 tn Aram “they brought him near.”
[7:14] 28 tn Some take “serving” here in the sense of “worshiping.”
[7:14] 29 tn Aram “is an eternal authority which will not pass away.”
[7:14] 30 tn Aram “is one which will not be destroyed.”
[7:15] 31 tn The Aramaic text includes the phrase “in its sheath,” apparently viewing the body as a container or receptacle for the spirit somewhat like a sheath or scabbard is for a knife or a sword (cf. NAB “within its sheath of flesh”). For this phrase the LXX and Vulgate have “in these things.”
[7:16] 33 tn Aram “what is certain.”
[7:16] 34 tn Aram “and made known.”
[7:16] 35 tn Aram “matter,” but the matter at hand is of course the vision.
[4:5] 37 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[4:5] 39 tc Most
[4:5] 40 tn “A high place” is not in the Greek text but has been supplied for clarity.
