Daniel 7:7

7:7 “After these things, as I was watching in the night visions ¹  a fourth beast appeared – one dreadful, terrible, and very strong. ²  It had two large rows ³  of iron teeth. It devoured and crushed, and anything that was left it trampled with its feet. It was different from all the beasts that came before it, and it had ten horns.

Daniel 7:19

7:19 “Then I wanted to know the meaning ⁴  of the fourth beast, which was different from all the others. It was very dreadful, with two rows of iron teeth and bronze claws, and it devoured, crushed, and trampled anything that was left with its feet.

Daniel 8:13

8:13 Then I heard a holy one ⁵  speaking. Another holy one said to the one who was speaking, “To what period of time does the vision pertain – this vision concerning the daily sacrifice and the destructive act of rebellion and the giving over of both the sanctuary and army to be trampled?”

Daniel 9:27

9:27 He will confirm a covenant with many for one week. ⁶ 

But in the middle of that week

he will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt.

On the wing ⁷  of abominations will come ⁸  one who destroys,

until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys.”

Daniel 11:30

11:30 The ships of Kittim ⁹  will come against him, leaving him disheartened. ¹⁰  He will turn back and direct his indignation against the holy covenant. He will return and honor ¹¹  those who forsake the holy covenant.

[7:7]  ¹ tn The Aramaic text has also “and behold.” So also in vv. 8, 13.

[7:7]  ² sn The fourth animal differs from the others in that it is nondescript. Apparently it was so fearsome that Daniel could find nothing with which to compare it. Attempts to identify this animal as an elephant or other known creature are conjectural.

[7:7]  ³ tn The Aramaic word for “teeth” is dual rather than plural, suggesting two rows of teeth.

[7:19]  ⁴ tn Aram “to make certain.”

[8:13]  ⁷ sn The holy one referred to here is presumably an angel. Cf. 4:13[10], 23 [20].

[9:27]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “one seven” (also later in this line).

[9:27]  ¹¹ tn The referent of the Hebrew word כְּנַף (kÿnaf, “wing”) is unclear here. The LXX and Theodotion have “the temple.” Some English versions (e.g., NAB, NIV) take this to mean “a wing of the temple,” but this is not clear.

[9:27]  ¹² tn The Hebrew text does not have this verb, but it has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[11:30]  ¹³ sn The name Kittim has various designations in extra-biblical literature. It can refer to a location on the island of Cyprus, or more generally to the island itself, or it can be an inclusive term to refer to parts of the Mediterranean world that lay west of the Middle East (e.g., Rome). For ships of Kittim the Greek OT (LXX) has “Romans,” an interpretation followed by a few English versions (e.g., TEV). A number of times in the Dead Sea Scrolls the word is used in reference to the Romans. Other English versions are more generic: “[ships] of the western coastlands” (NIV, NLT); “from the west” (NCV, CEV).

[11:30]  ¹⁴ sn This is apparently a reference to the Roman forces, led by Gaius Popilius Laenas, which confronted Antiochus when he came to Egypt and demanded that he withdraw or face the wrath of Rome. Antiochus wisely withdrew from Egypt, albeit in a state of bitter frustration.

[11:30]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “show regard for.”