Daniel 8:10

8:10 It grew so big it reached the army ¹  of heaven, and it brought about the fall of some of the army and some of the stars ²  to the ground, where it trampled them.

Daniel 8:8

8:8 The male goat acted even more arrogantly. But no sooner had the large horn become strong than it was broken, and there arose four conspicuous horns ³  in its place, ⁴  extending toward the four winds of the sky. ⁵ 

Daniel 9:12

9:12 He has carried out his threats ⁶  against us and our rulers ⁷  who were over ⁸  us by bringing great calamity on us – what has happened to Jerusalem has never been equaled under all heaven!

Daniel 11:4

11:4 Shortly after his rise to power, ⁹  his kingdom will be broken up and distributed toward the four winds of the sky ¹⁰  – but not to his posterity or with the authority he exercised, for his kingdom will be uprooted and distributed to others besides these.

Daniel 12:7

12:7 Then I heard the man clothed in linen who was over the waters of the river as he raised both his right and left hands to the sky ¹¹  and made an oath by the one who lives forever: “It is for a time, times, and half a time. Then, when the power of the one who shatters ¹²  the holy people has been exhausted, all these things will be finished.”

[8:10]  ¹ tn Traditionally, “host.” The term refers to God’s heavenly angelic assembly, which he sometimes leads into battle as an army.

[8:10]  ² sn In prescientific Israelite thinking the stars were associated with the angelic members of God’s heavenly assembly. See Judg 5:20; Job 38:7; Isa 40:26. In west Semitic mythology the stars were members of the high god’s divine assembly (see Isa 14:13).

[8:8]  ³ tn The word “horns” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.

[8:8]  ⁴ sn The four conspicuous horns refer to Alexander’s successors. After his death, Alexander’s empire was divided up among four of his generals: Cassander, who took Macedonia and Greece; Lysimachus, who took Thrace and parts of Asia Minor; Seleucus, who took Syria and territory to its east; and Ptolemy, who took control of Egypt.

[8:8]  ⁵ tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[9:12]  ⁵ tn Heb “he has fulfilled his word(s) which he spoke.”

[9:12]  ⁶ tn Heb “our judges.”

[9:12]  ⁷ tn Heb “who judged.”

[11:4]  ⁷ tn Heb “and when he stands.”

[11:4]  ⁸ tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[12:7]  ⁹ tn Or “to the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[12:7]  ¹⁰ tc The present translation reads יַד־נֹפֵץ (yad-nofets, “hand of one who shatters”) rather than the MT נַפֵּץ־יַד (nappets-yad, “to shatter the hand”).